You are talking about money. Not modern wall-street finance.
> huge amount of human progress is owed to modern-day financial institutions.
Like synthetic credit default swaps?
> Like a software system, it's extremely naive to think that complexity is a sign that a system is rotten.
Complexity that can't be coped with is rotten! The Linux kernel is quite complex but each part of it is well understood and there are a lot mechanisms in software to reduce complexity.
> But the vast majority of financial innovations are deeply ingrained in the good life that you get to enjoy every day.
Tell that to Greece people that got into the Euro because of clever CDS from Goldman Sachs or the masses of people that are stuck in debt from their education or credit cards.
> Sometimes we make products that we don't always completely understand until later.
That does not stop you from selling them and acting like you do. However recent financial crises have shown that banks offering these products for the most part understand them... the persons buying them don't.
> Funds the massive philanthropy expenditures that help those in need everyday
That shouldn't be needed in the first place if there wouldn't be such a huge inequality. Philanthropy is not a good idea for a good-working society. There are laws and a justice system that is more fair than a few far too rich persons with a selectively good cause.
> Finance is an art, not a science.
And it should be a tool not an art. A means to an end.