Desktop-like apps (along with browsers):
* https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.andropenof...
* https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.octave
* https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.icecoldapp...
* https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=jackpal.androi...
* https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=stericson.busy...
* https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hipipal.qp...
I haven't tried all these (never needed to), but I can see some scenarios where these might make a passable desktop alternative.
Android is a component-based linux. It can't play the role of a full-fledged OS that the diff. flavours of linux play.
You can get pretty much all you need in a desktop install of any Linux distribution, or you can ship a DVD or an USB dongle and anything else can be installed afterwards with no problems.
The way I see Android is a platform for consumers (essentially the apps distribution model), and in this case the result is not as good as "have everything you can out of the box".
EDIT: I assumed Internet connection may be limited, but I understand now that it may not be the case. I think my comment stands anyway.
Ubuntu touch. Apparently only works on Nexus 4, 10, and 7 for now.
I was told that they didn't need any more after that. This was in 2012ish.