One of these investments is into something called "Civil Society Apps" - applications that support exporting American culture and values to certain areas of the world.
The United States benefits by being the center of entertainment (Hollywood), for example, and by having US Social Networking sites filter the content according to American values and ideals across the world.
This is a form of 'soft power'.
The DoD's investment in the tech sector, while also focusing on defensive and offensive cyber capabilities, is putting money into culture export apps.
While some of this work is already done, the governments and civil societies and organizations of other countries do not always like this export, and the US has been known to 'weaponize' some of the networks to stir revolution, dissent, etc (e.g. ZunZuneo).
Google Shield is a project whereby these cultural export apps can be given additional protection.