Yes, I use Play exclusively with Java. I've never felt that Java is a second-class citizen with Play. All the features are supported from both languages and the core developers are very eager to ensure that you can work equally well with both languages.
I'm not entirely sure why Play has a reputation of being for Scala except that there are fewer web frameworks for Scala than Java, so Play is more popular among Scala developers. I think the other thing that confuses newcomers is that the templates are Twirl templates. They should probably have an extension like .twirl but unfortunately use the extension .scala.html even though you're really not writing Scala at all. You're writing Twirl which is it's own thing and doesn't take more than a few minutes to pick up. (The reason for the .scala.html is that templates get compiled to Scala, but you really don't have to know or care about that)