The OP started out with a good manager and a good team.
Then the OP was moved to a bad manager on a bad team.
Stack ranking and "promotion velocity". Therefore, time to leave Microsoft.
It's almost impossible to survive in any job when your direct boss decides he doesn't want you around.
I probably would have had a hard time dealing with what seems to be a youth with a big ego, with a needing behaviour, no idea of how to behave himself and how to balance life and work.
I get it, he was young, still, not the type of person I'd ever want to hire.
That is the mentality the Microsoft metrics-driven management is supposed to encourage. You have to get promoted to be recognised. You have to be seen as better than those around you to avoid being cut in the stack ranking.
Of course, Microsoft always has plenty of recent college graduates eagerly applying every year, so there always are replacements.