Most people only need Home. That changes when you need to log into an Active Directory, but suffices for most personal use. This differentiation allows Microsoft to sell two different SKUs and makes Windows more cost effective for 90% of households. For most users, the question will be Home or Pro. It also shouldn't be a surprise that for the last several years you can buy a Pro Pack for Home that will upgrade your system to the Pro SKU for about the same cost as the difference between Home and Pro.
If you need one of the other SKUs, they are special circumstances and you probably already know which version you need, and you also will be getting those licenses through non-retail channels.