Do you know if the attaching to a remote instance is available in Racket? I spent some time learning racket a year or two ago, but was under the impression they took out some of the really cool features (or I never discovered them)
Not a racket user, but I'm almost certain that you can do this with Racket. Your editor doesn't care whether your REPL session is local/remote...it just connects to a an address/port. You can set this to be 127.0.0.1 or whatever remote server you want to connect to.
Most REPLs will only accept connections from localhost by default (a sensible idea). In this case you just need to setup an ssh tunnel to the machine and connect through that.
Does it have to be remote?
If you can login on the same machine you can start the application with "racket whatever.rkt -i" to get a repl.