"[...] The doctor had noted the biologist's 100.000-Euro-Offer on the internet. At the start of the trial, he stated that he had requested (and received) written confirmation of the bet. He sent the documents to the biologist - together with his account number. Still, he did not receive the money and proceeded to sue. [...]"
Original article here: http://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.kurioser-masern...
http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/1892/1.html CARLILL v. CARBOLIC SMOKE BALL COMPANY; admittedly that's English law rather than German, but the principle holds. That case also deals with rewards, diseases and pseudoscience.
Anyhow, while IANAL, bounties are regulated by German law in (among others) BGB §657-661a. Mostly §661 and §661a. You can find a translation of those paragraphs here: http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_bgb/englisch_bgb....