You bring up an interesting point regarding astronaut safety. It's interesting to me because I have the polar opposite opinion. This will sound cold, but astronauts are basically expendable. We can expect a small percentage of them to die. Much like in the military, the mission takes priority over safety, which comes second.

Given that we have no shortage of astronauts willing to accept that, and that we do put a ton of effort into their safety, I have no qualms whatsoever pushing the limits of what is possible. I've met a lot of astronauts - I don't recall meeting a single one who didn't fully understand how dangerous the work is. It's not for everyone. Personally, I think they're nuts to take that risk for what amounts to floating around in a stinky can for a few days, punctuated by brief stints of mechanic duty.

This always struck me as a major disconnect between the brass at NASA and the engineers. The higher up the chain you went, the more concerned with safety, politics, and perception they were, and the less concerned with what I would say the true goals of the space program are - the actual exploration of space.