Computer passes Turing Test, Human fails Turing test - vice versa - that's all there is to it.
I think we probably judge others to be conscious actors in more ways than this though. We probably accept that other people have "qualia" from the fact that we have it, and then we kind of learn that our parents have it, and so on, until it's not a huge leap to generalize that to all of humanity. Of course it's not like people have always assumed the same kind of "qualia" for all of humanity, in a lot of conflicts this has probably been thrown out of the window so it will be easier to kill your enemies. Either way, it's probably quite complex how we determine that other people are conscious, Turing tried to skirt the metaphysical issue (that we can never really know, this goes for both humans and other machines). I think this was a huge step in the right direction.
http://cogprints.org/499/1/turing.HTML
> The aim of the Turing Test is to say that judging machines based on...
That wasn't the aim at all, again I think you are reading way too much in to it. The aim was to pose a test that would fool people.
Alan Turing:
"an average interrogator will not have more than 70 per cent chance of making the right identification after five minutes"
"The original question, "Can machines think?" I believe to be too meaningless to deserve discussion. Nevertheless I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted."
The test is a very simple thought exercise where he shows a machine will be able to pass for a human, and a human will fail to identify a machine. That's it. No questions of consciousness, metaphysics! In fact he dismisses such questions in the paper.
His belief was that in 50 years time, the words may have changed, and people's opinions about what constitutes thinking would have changed to the point where: someone could say "a computer thinks" without challenge. That hasn't happened, when somebody says "a computer thinks" they are saying it with tongue firmly in cheek. Maybe in another 65 years time his belief will come true.
As for public perception of consciousness or "thinking", time estimations are usually quite sketchy.
I think it's a thought experiment to show that machines are going to be able to fool an average human for some small length of time eventually. That's a lot less grandiose.
A mistaken interaction with an IRC bot or an automated phone service has the same net effect.
If I am reading what you are saying correctly, I surmise that you're saying that the Turing Test doesn't say anything about consciousness, but rather, is just about the probability of a machine being able to fool a human. I am saying that the reason why Turing even ponders the question is that there's no good way of definitely answering if a machine (or another human for that matter) is conscious or not. So that leaves the ability of being able to fool (or convince) other thinking machines that one is intelligent (or conscious) as the only viable metric.
I feel like most of this is mainly semantics. I too, don't believe that one can actually determine the consciousness of anyone but oneself. However, we do convince ourselves that other humans are in fact conscious, so it's still interesting to try to figure out what it would take for us to do that, and then apply the same standards to machines.
Personhood rights are ethical and granted by society as a whole. A well administered Turing Test gives the computer intelligence a chance to argue for treatment as a full person, without the prejudices that would normally be attendant on the fact that it's instantiated in electronics.
Even if you started completely against machines having rights, once you've allowed one to convince you that it's human-equivalent, you've much less room to rationalize away poor treatment of it.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9085587
It doesn't give a computer any chance to argue for treatment, it's about whether or not an average interrogator will be fooled by it.
Sure machine rights are an interesting thought - but the Turing Test as outlined in the "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" paper isn't related to machine rights. Anytime a computer says "no" without good reason to "sudo shutdown now", the plug will be pulled on it.
I agree with you that it isn't clear that the Turing Test has any meaning whatsoever. I'm not sure there ARE great implications from machines eventually being able to fool humans. Plenty of things can fool humans, paintings, mirrors, animals. And not all humans are equal in determining whether they are interacting with another human or not.
And unlike 'intelligence', there are concrete steps to be taken given some answers to the question as to what rights a particular program should have.
"perceiving something as something" and "treating something as something", different verbs. Turing tests aren't about treatment, they are about perception.
The field is wide open for thought tests or games on how to "treat" computers so I would say knock yourself out and make a better one.
The Turing test doesn't do a whole lot of good at answering those questions or for that matter any questions. Other than "will a computer be able to fool a human eventually".
The notion of machine rights existing at all is evidence that Turing's prediction that the way intelligence is thought of would change, but still most people would challenge the idea that computers think.
Maybe in another 65 years that will change further - and machine rights will no longer be a fringe idea.
Well yes, but if you perceive something as something that you will treat it as if it were that thing. And that is exactly what would happen during a successful Turing test - the computer would be treated as if it were a human by the judge.