It seems odd to teach critical thinking with a stack of pre-printed worksheets that are the same for every student.
The infrastructure is not in place to teach those concepts successfully. The question "explain why ancient calendars used 60-day units" is no more elucidative than "explain why a week has 7 days" or "explain why the French Republican Calendar and the International Fixed Calendar failed to survive" or "meditate for 2 hours on the number 60".
I am saying unequivocally that it is bad to teach math that way. A kid does not have enough pre-existing knowledge of any ancient calendars for that association to help rather than confuse. If you're going to do that sort of thing, you have to tie into something that all kids at that age already know about. So really, you can only count on the stuff they have already been taught in school.
I don't recall, exactly, when I was taught about ancient calendars in school. Oh, wait, yes I do--it was never. I do recall someone asking once why a circle had 360 degrees in it, and the answer was, "It's essentially an arbitrary convention; we'll always be using radians in this class anyway."
While the high-level goals of the curriculum may be pedagogically sound, by the time that the course materials make it down to the classroom level, the original intent has been thoroughly diluted by the people trying to implement them.