My guess is that you won't find any course that explains all the prerequisite math. It's probably more useful to build a solid foundation in probability theory (and therefore calculus) before going on.

For machine learning, a good place to start is Andrew Ng's course on Coursera:

https://www.coursera.org/course/ml

It's pretty light on math, while at the same time giving you experience in implementing and understanding these techniques.

From there, I might recommend Learning from Data and the associated video lectures:

https://work.caltech.edu/telecourse.html

It is a bit of a jump, but it is a great course in presenting the field of machine learning and explaining the mathematical and statistical underpinnings in a systematic way.