I think on a higher level with complex code, you definitely want better abstractions to convey intent, rather than say just having one large function that does everything.
I think in many cases map/filter does in fact help with readability of intent, especially if you're not declaring the function body inline, and the functions are commonly available ones like parseInt. But generally this isn't the case, which diminishes the readability such that it's comparable to a for-loop anyways.
I spend most of my time trying to figure out exactly that -- the higher level abstractions that aren't easily conveyed by "map" or "filter", that having map/filter generic functions isn't high on priority. I just want a simple language that I can spew out thoughts onto uncompilable code... tweak the code often as I see fit, and work on fixing type errors later and once I'm done with that it will probably run fine with few bugs. The nice thing about for-loops is that it exposes more control points e.g. breaking out early, using the index, inserting log lines -- that the flexibility helps me mutate the code quickly.
So maybe it's more about coding style, rather than readability. Do you like to spec out your code completely before writing things down, or do you prefer to define the spec as you write and edit the code because it helps you get things done faster?