The backend takes the url, gets the HTML source of the website, minifies it, gets rid of the css, javascript, and images, GZIP compresses it, encodes it in Base64, and sends the data as a series of SMS's.
This is yet another interesting idea that will get screwed up in practice because of massive overreliance on JavaScript in modern web development. This is why developers should do progressive enhancement. There are a lot of thing that are possible with declarative markup that are not possible or not safely feasible with imperative code, which generates things on the fly.