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Mostly impossible. There is a fairly useful book - the USPTO's "Manual of Patent Examining Procedure" (or MPEP). Official - http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/ My copy - http://adlervermillion.com/MPEP/

Its a huge book though, and not worth reading it unless you want to work with patents every day (as a patent agent, patent examiner, patent lawyer).

Also, its a reference book, not really something you can read start-to-finish.

Of course it's possible for anyone to write a patent claim. However, it's unlikely that the claim you write will be of any value.

I went to law school, passed the patent bar, and worked at the patent office. Even I wouldn't want to write my own claims. There are too many technicalities to deal with in the process. At the very least find a patent agent to do it (agents can draft and manage an application; attorneys can do that plus opine on validity etc.).