Wouldn't this fall under "scientific advancement"? That's a dangerous term to say the least, but it's technology that benefits everyone.
If they are specifically writing software to be used for scientific research, or are carrying out significant research into computing and releasing papers/patents freely, then they might qualify.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/9/90/501%2...
To go further, I'd look up exactly what "Public Charity Status 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)" is, and then compare that to how they describe themselves here: https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/FAQ/en
Which is not surprising at all, since the Apache HTTP Server had its roots in the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), a scientific institution.
Python Software Foundation also got a scientific and educational exemption.
Wikimedia is a global movement whose mission is to bring free educational content to the world.