Something I learned from a friend with several years experience consulting at McKinsey (i.e., experience with a lot of companies) is that as you go higher up the corporate ladder, you surprisingly tend to find more introverts. So see you a lot of places with, say, extroverted junior managers but an introverted CEO at the top.

So don't hold too dearly to the model that "I'm an introvert therefore I'm at a disadvantage in my career". Leverage your introvert skills by, e.g., analysing a topic in-depth and preparing your thoughts about it before a meeting. You might find the other participants are only debating at a shallow level and that you can steer the conversation towards your deeper insights.

Also, I believe that "introvert vs extrovert" is a false dichotomy. They are both skillsets that you can develop independently. Read this: http://joshuaspodek.com/introversion-opposite-extroversion