I expect this is at least one explanation for why (as the article notes) antibiotics are ineffective at treating more than half of urinary tract infections caused by E. Coli. One standard treatment for persistent, recurrent UTIs in women is to prescribe a prophylactic antibiotic to be taken post-coitally, which typically means that a woman takes a pill irregularly--either every time after she has sex or once a week. This can last for years, without the doctor reevaluating the necessity of the treatment. While this is completely necessary for truly severe, recurring cases, I've seen several doctors prescribe this casually to women who don't have recurring UTIs but request it anyway. This is detrimental for the community and the patient, who has a higher risk of developing drug-resistant infections.
I think one way to address this problem is making doctors more aware of the community-wide effects of aggressive courses of treatment, informing them about alternative treatments that don't involve antibiotics, and encouraging them to use aggressive courses of antibiotics (such as prophylacticly for recurrent UTIs) as a treatment of last-resort.