Isn't this caused because some countries make antibiotics easily accessible without a doctor?
Patents on antibiotics last no longer than on any other type of medicine (20 years, minus the substantial time taken to test it, jump through regulatory hoops, and bring it to market -- typically 8-14 years). The cost of meeting those regulatory prerequisites is measured in the hundreds of millions of dollars in the USA alone -- more if you want to get a product license everywhere worldwide. So you need to earn back several hundred million bucks in profit in a single-digit period of years ...
But antibiotics are unprofitable. A typical AB course lasts 5-14 days after which the patient is completely cured. Compare with antidepressants or ADHD drugs -- where you get a customer for life! Which would you invest in, if you were in that business -- a product 10% of the population will use annually for a week, or a product 10% of the population will be hooked on for life?
It's not a coincidence that research into new antibiotics ground to a halt in the 1970s around the time that the regulatory barriers to entry rose so high that small and medium scale pharmaceutical companies were frozen out of the business and the surviving operators were the large conglomerates.
(Disclaimer: wearing my ex-pharmacist hat here.)
It is not so in the case of medicines for BP, diabetes etc.
We may eventually need to have a compulsory hospital stay (or something else) for antibiotic treatment so that a patient treated with an antibiotic does not have any leftover resistant pathogens to transfer to the public.
I expect this is at least one explanation for why (as the article notes) antibiotics are ineffective at treating more than half of urinary tract infections caused by E. Coli. One standard treatment for persistent, recurrent UTIs in women is to prescribe a prophylactic antibiotic to be taken post-coitally, which typically means that a woman takes a pill irregularly--either every time after she has sex or once a week. This can last for years, without the doctor reevaluating the necessity of the treatment. While this is completely necessary for truly severe, recurring cases, I've seen several doctors prescribe this casually to women who don't have recurring UTIs but request it anyway. This is detrimental for the community and the patient, who has a higher risk of developing drug-resistant infections.
I think one way to address this problem is making doctors more aware of the community-wide effects of aggressive courses of treatment, informing them about alternative treatments that don't involve antibiotics, and encouraging them to use aggressive courses of antibiotics (such as prophylacticly for recurrent UTIs) as a treatment of last-resort.
The other problem that exists in the US is that the "family doctor" has an incentive to pack his schedule full of as many people as he can to collect as much money as possible. If someone comes in complaining that they have had a sore throat for a day, then they are going to get a pill; regardless of whether or not the infection is viral or bacterial. It is way, way faster to send the patient out the door with a pill that they think will make them feel better than it is to educate them about the macro effects of improper prescription of antibiotics. The only thing they care about is missing another day of work because they have a big deadline and the boss is breathing down their neck.