What you use should ultimately be up to you, but I would approach it in the following way :
1. start with what you need to complete the project
2. add new components / frameworks / libraries on a must-have basis
I'd be tempted to recommend ditching jQuery while learning JavaScript, but don't feel that strongly about it. A lot of Stack Overflow answers will be provided with jQuery syntax - so that's something to keep in mind.
Don't worry about SASS/LESS and client side "MVC" frameworks. Until you need them, those are just new fiddly things to learn that distract from the actual point of the exercise.