The next revolution is widespread GPGPU programming, which can yield great increase in performance when leverage correctly. Java 8 already have libraries for HSA and Java 9 will support it out of the box. And this is AMD lead technology.
While i'm vaguely excited for HSA i'm pretty skeptical of anything that needs to be 'leveraged correctly' there's a history of sufficiently smart compilers not materializing.
Depends. Multithreading is a common method nowadays despite sufficiently smart compilers not existing. It just requires someone who knows what they are doing, just like good multithreaded code.