Perhaps equally exciting is that the inertial navigation system on the SR-71 is calibrated by looking through a telescope at stars in broad daylight. Apparently quite simple, but still cool.
(In case you're wondering, I know this because I was wiki-ing around after my iphone's accelerometer went nuts to figure out how state-of-the-art gyroscopes worked. Turns out that there's a special type of gyroscope, the Ring Laser Gyroscope, which uses relativity and interference patterns to achieve ~0 drift. RLGs were developed for ICBMs.)