If you're seeing significantly worse performance with F#, then that's pretty unusual (most people see very similar perf characteristics, with some things slightly faster in F# and some in C#). You might want to fire an email to fsbugs@microsoft.com explaining your scenario - the F# team is quite responsive.
The RyuJIT project shows that .NET JIT performance is still on the radar, though I haven't seen any indication that SIMD is on the roadmap.
To your final point, it's clearly true that C# is familiar to a wider variety of developers than F# is. However, I've been impressed by the uptake of some F# libraries, like FAKE. F# reads so mush like pseudocode in some cases that it's easy for people to buy in even if they're not especially familiar with the language.