As one possible example, see Ken Shirriff's teardowns of a cheap USB power adapter: http://www.righto.com/2012/03/inside-cheap-phone-charger-and...
And an Apple adapter: http://www.righto.com/2012/05/apple-iphone-charger-teardown-...
And an Apple adapter: http://www.righto.com/2012/05/apple-iphone-charger-teardown-...
The Apple device is UL listed, so they can't cut the same corners the Chinese manufacturer can. The same is true of any UL listed USB power adapter.