Is there a decent “Crypto Not For Dummies But For Reasonably Competent Programmers Who Have Thus Far Taken It For Granted But Want To Get Up To Speed Fairly Quickly On Concepts And Implementation” text?
The only thing I really remember from top of my head is don't implement your own crypto.
I guess I remembered the most important lesson.
A much better book is Schneier, Ferguson and Kohno's "Cryptography Engineering"[1]. It covers what makes for strong crypto primitives and why weaker ones are considered broken. Note that is book is starting to get a bit out dated (I don't remember it covering ECC at all, for example), but I don't know of any better book.
I also endorse the Matasano Crypto challenges and the Coursera Crypto class taught by Dan Boneh as excellent learning resources.