You simply don't understand bitcoin. It is not like Satoshi couldn't come up with "useful" computations with "intrinsic value". He deliberately chose "useless" computations. Why? Because these computations serve very important role in the network: they make fraud(like double-spending) very costly(you have to control 20-30% of network computing power to have even smallest change to execute your attack, and 50%+ to have 100% chance of doing it). Computations having "intrinsic value" == extra incentive to attack.
Also, you miss all the work done by armed guards to protect large piles of cash( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash-in-transit ). Do you think they do their work for free? And this is only obvious work. How much does current banking costs to us in total?
> Gold has industrial uses due to its physical and chemical properties, and it is desired in the consumer space as a material to make jewelry out of.
Gold was used for thousands of years long before it had some uses in the industry. It has no really special chemical properties: it doesn't react much with other chemical elements (which is actually awesome for a currency: it means it can preserve its value for many many years). Jewelry - maybe, but isn't it so desired for jewelry because it is scarce? You could make jewelry out of less noble metals.