https://blockchain.info/charts/output-volume
Another popular metric, since output volume can be pumped up by sending the same coins over and over gain, is Bitcoin Days Destroyed.
https://blockchain.info/charts/bitcoin-days-destroyed-cumula...
http://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/845/what-are-bitc...
Also transactions on the exchanges don't show up in the blockchain.
Today Bitcoin is in hands of fewer than 0.001% of all people in the world and those people are pretty scattered across the globe. This does not diminish utility as "store of value", but it does not create a lot of trade. Once, say, 10% of Shanghai is holding Bitcoin, you will suddenly see a spike in trade in Bitcoin itself (as it will be cheaper than moving cash or using credit cards).
Furthermore, per exchange volumes have been insanely high over the past few days. See: http://bitcoincharts.com/markets/
What you basically pointed out points towards the premise of the article being false. It's not money laundering, it's something else.
Shouldn't there be a "MtGox wallet (say)" -> "chinese wallet" transaction somewhere in the blockchain?
Basically all there is evidence of right now is that the Chinese are buying tons of bitcoins. No evidence of selling/moving as such.
It's not possible to use Gox for USD withdrawals at the moment so I don't think they'll try that anyway.