Sooooort of. There are major differences, differences that make a difference, so to speak.
Lisp: everything is lists.
Wolfram Language (prior to V10): everything is an expression. An expression has a head, and parts. The head is the primary place you attach rules. The head can be List, but can also be, say, If, or Disk, or Entity, or Timeseries, or Image, or Graph, or Graphics, or Button, or Frame, (and on and on and on).
Wolfram language (v10): expressions can be numerically indexed (i.e. Part[{"A","B","C"}, 2] == "B"), or symbolically indexed (Part[<|"A" -> 1, "B" -> 2, "C" -> 3|>, "B"] == 2). This new datastructure is called an Association (analogous to a hash map / associative array / dictionary, of course), but eventually it could have heads other than Association.
Anyway, its all quite uniform. No pointers, no references, nothing you "can't see". And the new Association data structure interacts beautifully with lists when you allow it to interact with Part -- you end up with something like XPath, but capable of expressing, for example, almost all of SQL, or LINQ, but in a very functional way.