There is only one simple explanation of "left" and "right" that I've ever really liked (even though it's only partial), which is this: the right want equal opportunity, the left want equal outcomes. That is to say, the right believe that everyone should be taxed the same (equal opportunity), whereas the left want rich people to be taxed more and poor people to be taxed less, since taxes affect the poor more / the rich can take more taxes before it hurts them (equal outcome).
Regardless, as Perceval says below, it's kind of hard / impossible to boil these concepts down to something simple or even sided, since we're talking about people, and people don't usually fit into into nice clean boxes.