Is your claim that a company must invent something from whole cloth to be "innovative"?
Is your claim that a company must invent something from whole cloth to be "innovative"?
Amazon.com did invent Cloud Computing, Philips did invent the CD, Sun did invent Java, Toyota did invent the hybrid, AT&T did invent the cell phone, Xerox did invent the GUI. Those are the companies that run on innovation.
A refinement on the laserdisc.
"Sun did invent Java"
A refinement on C, C++, and Smalltalk.
"Xerox did invent the GUI"
A refinement on Doug Engelbart's work at SRI. (Edit: Though many of the researchers working for him later went to PARC, I find no evidence that Engelbart himself ever did.)
Now here's the real question. If inventing a new type of laserdisc that's five inches wide is innovation, why isn't inventing a GUI-based computer system that costs half as much as a Star and a third as much as a Lisa? If inventing a new object oriented language with C style syntax is an innovation, why isn't inventing a smartphone with a multitouch screen and unprecedented amounts of storage space?
What do you mean innovation.