Rather it's human behaviour which determines wealth and distribution of wealth. So while this effect is certainly something that economists study and will continue to study, it's entirely due to human behaviour, independent of the 'type' of economy. Even in Communist countries you see this effect - the ruling party consolidate their wealth and power while the subjects are handed out a finite amount of resources/wealth.
Science does not spent time on fantasy. Science is for things that exist in the observable world.
Now if you'll excuse me, I'm off to go work on my Turing machine with infinite memory and all that jazz...
Economics is as much theory as it is observation. Much like other sciences, for example, math and physics.
An economic system with the controls in place to stop the Matthew effect would look nothing like a free market.