> * No chip and pin. You still sign credit card slips.
There are two systems at work here, the credit system and the ATM system. The latter uses a PIN (no chip, so basically online verification) but the primary difference is related to chargebacks and fraud. Like in the UK, in a PIN system if I know your PIN and get your card I can loot your account and you are SOL. In the US a credit card transaction with a signature but no PIN means that the merchant is on the hook for fraud. If I get your card number and go on a spending spree you are not going to take a hit for any of the charges, the merchants are.
> * You have to interact with the branch where you set up your account for a bewildering array of things.
You can, but you seldom need to. I have several online-only accounts that I still maintain for making US payments and except for cases where I was taking out a loan to buy a house or car I think that I did not actually step inside my bank (any branch) for over ten years.[]
OTOH, I have needed to note down the exact UK branch in which I opened my account in on at least five different occasions in the last month as I opened various business relationships or established services. In the US no one ever asked for the name of my bank let alone the specific branch.
> Bank account numbers are treated as secret information - they are starred out in the online banking interface! Apparently, it I know your bank account number I can take your money?
ACH (automated check handling) is the pseudo direct-payment system we have over here. It kind of sucks, but it is basically an electronic form of the silly checques that you mention later. With the bank routing number and your account number I can write a check on your behalf. OTOH, with a couple of clicks online I can also order paper checks for your account and start making payments. They will eventually (and hopefully pretty quickly...) fail out as fraud, but when you get things set up between your account and companies you deal with on a regular basis there is a fairly seamless flow from your paycheck direct-deposit to your rent/mortgage and utilities, etc. It is just a crufty legacy system that gets tweaks every decade or two but will lumber on for a while because there is so much infrastructure built around it.
> * As a general rule, paying someone some money (for rent, for example) is fraught with difficulty, especially if you hold a non-US bank account.
And why should the system optimize for non-US bank accounts when the percentage of people a merchant will interact with who fit in this category are 0%? Part of the thing to consider here is that the US retail/merchant payments and banking system does not need to interact with anyone outside of the US; yes, there are some exceptions but they are so dwarfed by the internal transaction volume that they effectively do not exist and if you do need that rare service you can use a third-party like western union or the admittedly onerous wire transfer process. The goal is to make internal transactions easy and limit the exposure to fraud (except when it conflicts with the first goal) with the bonus of all operations being under what is for all intents and purposes a single legal jurisdiction.
Everyone has thoughts on how to fix the system or what cool ideas should be applied from other countries but most of these people fail to grasp the concept that for most people the system is not broken and so you are fighting consumer indifference and an entrenched incumbent that makes telcos look like pushovers.
[*] One interesting thing about US banking is that the local branch interactions that you complain about are actually one of the few things that most bank customers want more of. Specifically, if you press people on what is wrong with retail banking it is that there were a huge set of mergers in the past twenty years that effectively eliminated the local retail bank where people knew who you were, cared about you, and looked after you in a way that is simply not possible in a modern world of retail banking giants.