This is a vast mischaracterization of what happened.
Nowhere in the Constitution does it say the government can't hamfistedly accuse you of a crime. All it says is that they have to charge you or let you go in 24 hours, give you a trial, and punish you in a consistent way. They did that here; they asked some questions and they let him go.
He was detained without arrest, based on minimal suspicions. Yes, he should have shut the hell up and not answered questions.
You can say that the government is an oppressive regime that is out to get you for your political views, or you can say you rolled the dice and lost.
Except these dice are heavily weighted against you if you are brown and/or non-christian.
say you want to check for guns and explosives before people get on an airplane. How do you do it?
That's not happening here. He was not detained because he had an explosive or firearm, he was detained because he was subject to a different level of scrutiny than the other passengers who went through the scanner.