More directly addressing this article, K.E. Stanovich has conducted some excellent research showing relationships between cognitive abilities and thinking styles. It is fully available online. General reasoning/rationality works are available here: http://web.mac.com/kstanovich/iWeb/Site/Research%20on%20Reas...
Here's a particularly relevant piece: http://web.mac.com/kstanovich/iWeb/Site/Research%20on%20Reas... (Various cognitive bias tests are conducted to explore relations between cognitive functions and challenge assumptions on normative models of rationality. Really interesting exploration of competence-performance dichotomy with focus on effects of thinking dispositions vs. algorithmic limitations. The effect of thinking disposition in achieving normative rationality is an important consideration that applies to considerations for improving your own thought/action models)