This is part and parcel of current corporate theory.
The mantra of "increase shareholder value" really means "make the investors happy", which currently means "make the quarterly number look great". Combine that with a giant primate dominance hierarchy, where the only goal is to please the bigger monkeys, and idiocy like this is basically inevitable.
This isn't the only way to run companies, but it's the only way most people have even heard of, so alternatives are literally inconceivable. From what I can tell, the infection vector for this meme is MBA programs.
Happily, there are signs that this is starting to change. E.g.: http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2013/07/09/ft-urges...
Or the rise of the various Lean-derived methods, which have a fundamentally different theory of business.