A fridge will act as a fantastic acoustic shield but probably not a functioning Faraday cage. I think this blog post has taken a few artistic liberties in suggesting its use was as a Faraday cage, especially as the article she links to doesn't mention the fridge's purpose as a Faraday cage.
Assuming this story isn't stretched and exaggerated (I have a hard time believing it isn't) and the fridge was on, this could be a fast way to trigger condensation to form inside the phone when the device is removed back into a warmer environment, depending on the ambient humidity. I just wouldn't dream of putting my phone in a cold fridge for anything other than the briefest time for this reason.