But surely most e-commerce websites can't have a net negative margin for three years?
The reason for this is that investors hope that the wave of people moving their lives/shopping online will turn these big players into the next Walmart - which is almost exactly what is happening with Amazon now. So the strategy is not a terrible one, just a risky one.
Amazon was not profitable for 10 years, because revenue did not exceed variable+fixed costs. But revenue exceeded variable costs. They had losses for 10 years, but had positive margine.