Answer: let a bank deal with it. Banks can be insured.
Even the dollars a bank has uninvested, they are stored electronically, and it's very easy to undo electronic transactions. Plus, the limiting factor on stealing electronic money from banks is finding a stool pigeon who will do it with cash.[1]
With a system where transactions cannot be undone, you need life-or-death-level security on the entire holdings. No insurance company is going to underwrite a policy of "there is a completely unknown chance of 100% loss."
[1] A PDF of this was on HN recently but apparently I did not bookmark it. Help a brother out?
So the only functional difference between bitcoin and a credit card in this respect is that there's someone big (the bank) sitting in between you and the transaction that has enough clout to force the loss off you and onto someone else. If a bank decided to build a bitcoin payment system, and signed merchants to a contract similar to the one they do on credit cards, there would be no functional difference from the consumer's standpoint.
Transactions are completely reversible until someone involves physical goods, including cash. The system can deal with tiny levels of fraud. With Bitcoin, someone can do a complete transfer of my life savings in an instant, and then what?
I'm still trying to find the reference I mentioned yesterday, the gist of which was that personal banking theft is limited by the number of cash mules who can be recruited. Krebs[1] has many articles about money mules that I hope will lead me to it.
EDIT I found it! [2] "Federal Reserve Regulation E guarantees that US consumers are made whole when their bank passwords are stolen."
[1] http://krebsonsecurity.com/2010/01/top-10-ways-to-get-fired-...
[2] Is Everything We Know About Password-Stealing Wrong? http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=1618...