It is already decentralised in the sense that there are plenty of alternatives, and there are "over-the-counter" places like Bitcoin's #bitcoin-otc.
Maybe ticker/trade data could be spread over a gossip network as well. That's not as trivial as it sounds, though, for example how to check that trades are real and not just spam/manipulation. Maybe some way of authenticating exchanges by signing the packets (but then -otc would be left out... maybe their reputation system could be integrated somehow).