Americans self-identify with English just as much as Brazilians identify themselves with Portuguese. This issue arises when this is not the case.
has army, is dialect: Schweizerdeutch, American English, Brazilian Portuguese
has army, is language: Norwegian (v. Danish)
no army, is language: Yiddish, Afrikaans
no army, is dialect: Frisian
Nonetheless, your point still stands as I'm sure there are valid examples of 'no army, is dialect'
As political power went until 1994, all heads of state and of the army (and as far as I remember, all holders of other top positions) were Afrikaners.