When Discourse was originally announced, I read this file (quite randomly), and was distressed at the complexity and length (even though I totally understand time constraints and the need to 'get it to work').
I had never heard of the Law of Demeter (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Demeter), nor had I heard of Sandi Metz's rules for Rails development (http://gist.io/4567190), both of which put in concrete terms some of the lessons I've learned when maintaining Rails applications.
I'd love to see more of these!
Edit: After reading over the pull request, I admit I'm a little confused why the response code was refactored into 'perform_show_response' - this seems like the direct responsibility of this controller method (and isn't common or otherwise misplaced). Is there a reason why you moved it out?