- capital, as money is scarce
- network effects, as human attention is scarce
- relationships, as human attention is scarce
- research talent, assuming there exists some field(s) that AI is unable to surpass the best researchers
- proprietary data and sensors, as systems of record and action are scarce (training data, on the other hand, can maybe we simulated, but I'm pretty bearish in general on the idea of fully simulated data)