Money comes from debt. Debt is essentially the way to print money.
If the Federal Reserve prints reserves (unlocked money) to buy bonds (locked money) and keeps doing this as they mature so that WALCL goes up and to the right, that's money printing.
> No.
Money itself is essentially a hierarchy of IOUs.
In a modern banking system most money is created alongside debt.
Bank lending creates deposits rather than banks simply lending out pre-existing deposits.
Not all money originates through private bank debt. Central banks create base money (currency and bank reserves) and can create reserves when acquiring assets.