They don’t do ips they just use SES, same as resend and a bunch of other email startups lately
Like email, I run my own HTTP server, serving directly to clients. I know about Cloudflare just from HN threads, but have never used it or know much about that whole reverse proxy universe beyond the very low-level details from having written several reverse proxies myself.
I just run Exim and Postfix instances that shuffle email around the world. I also have several Dovecots that store the stuff and a large number of MS Exchange online tenants.