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>Constitutionally, states cannot deny citizens the right to vote.

Yes they can. States can deny citizens the right to vote for "participation in rebellion, or other crime", as per the 14th Amendment and felons are often denied the right to vote. They can't do so on the basis of "race, color or former servitude" (15th Amendment) and probably not any other protected class reason (sex, religion, ethnicity) but that implicitly gives states the right to do so for any other reason.

But certain groups are probably more likely than others to need to worry about having to prove their citizenship. You don't need to make it impossible for people to vote, you just need to create enough friction that some of them won't who otherwise would.

> Constitutionally, states cannot deny citizens the right to vote

You sure?

Citizens currently serving a prison term for the conviction of a felony cannot vote.

Citizens found mentally incompetent by a court cannot vote.