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>I have no idea, however, why both Eastern and Western naive psychology associate gall with, well, gall.

Possibly because it's filled with strong acid.

In Italian, to have 'liver' (fegato) means to be courageous.

The Greeks did get to India. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art

You left out the important part, that Greek influence made it all the way to Japan, in some cases identifiably intact: "[The Greek wind god] Boreas became the Japanese wind god Fujin through the Greco-Buddhist Wardo/Oado and Chinese Feng Bo/Feng Po ("Uncle Wind"; among various other names). The mother deity Hariti [Kishimojin in Japan] was inspired by Tyche."