Ideas on modernizing the open-source desktop | Hacker News Reader

Ideas on modernizing the open-source desktop

lwn.net

407 pointssigna11539 comments

I too am in the "it's done, it works well, don't mess with it" camp.

I've tested everything. Xfce, tiling window managers, kde. Eventually I settled on Gnome, but I incorporate few "tiling features". Such as keystroke changing workspaces on one monitor and the second monitor always showing the same few "always on" apps.

I always have my terminal with tmux full screen on workspace 1. My Web browser on no 2. My IDE on 4 and my password manager on 9. Then if I watch a video it's always on 3, if I do graphics work it's always on 5 and so on.

I use ctrl-super-number to switch workspaces. If I need to move current window it's ctrl-shift-super-number.

On a work windows mashine I use the exa t same keys thanks to AutoHotkey software. So I have the exact same work flow on Linux and Windows. The only difference is on Windows workspace 1 is WSL terminal.

Ive been working like this for years. Select copy and paste works fine with left/right mouse button.

I have all my widgets I need showing the temperatures, what my pc and network are doing.

Why would I want to change anything?

TBH IMO the Gnome is pretty much done software except that some of the desktop Idioms they can borrow from Apple (like swipe three fingers to switch the workspace) if they're not patented and they could be in settings if someone wants to opt into those otherwise yes.

Gnome is "done software" already and I like it very much.

FWIW I am using gnome 49 and 3 finger swipe works out of the box on my asahi macbook linux.

From somebody who has been through this 3 times before: the moment gnome becomes “done software” is the moment they decide they need to throw out everything and start fresh.

learned it all from Microsoft

the Gnome that came with Debian Trixie is certainly worse than my stable Linux previous desktop, including eye-candy desktop effects coupled with remarkable fails on simple GUI features that have been stable for thirty years.

That's how I felt before I discovered tiling window managers. Now my flow is very similar to yours, but since I was wrong before, I can't rule out the possibility that I am still wrong and there might be something better out there. For example, Plan 9 had some interesting UX ideas like making the window manager infinitely nestable and mountable over the network. It also had the neat behavior in acme where to execute a command, you middle-click on some regular text. In the end, I'm not a fan of Plan 9's UI because of the reliance on the mouse, but I think it shows there's still room for novel innovation out there.

What's so interesting about tiling managers? I've been using i3. But my usage is so simple (I guess) that I have just a few windows maximized in tab mode, usually just two: browser and terminal. I rarely need to split vertically. To be fair I like i3 simplicity. But I'm not really "wooed" by i3. I may be missing something?

I think that is the exact benefit to tiles.

For me it the epiphany was that I either want one full screen window, or several windows side by side, I never want one window to obscure another window. And with our modern wide monitors I almost always want several windows side by side. Why do I have to line them up by hand?

The downside is that there are many poorly programmed applications that are unable to adjust themselves as the window manager requires(calling you out steam, or it just may be me but steam was not happy with a tiling wm), and model dialogs, which always suck, suck even more when tiling. But most tiling wms's support a float mode for just that occasion.

Tiles were a common early metaphor, And I think tiles are generally more useful but floats looked cooler in the ad copy and so that is what ended up as the dominant desktop metaphor.

On the subject of one window partially obscuring another window the only tech that makes that halfway tolerable is "don't raise on click" and "point to focus" This lets you look at the upper window while manipulating the lower window. two features not found on the major desktop systems. X11 has it's warts, and is very weird. But it is miles ahead in actual usability over it's peers.

> What's so interesting about tiling managers?

I don't use one, but interestingly, every IDE (or other professional mega-app such as Blender) is essentially its own tiling WM.

So quite clearly they have won as an UI concept for people who want to get things done.

I guess it's pretty much one of the best ways to see multiple things at the same time?

I've used dwm for years and recently switched to niri and really, really like it.

I'm with you, that tiling vertically is not useful. Niri aligns better with my innate mental model: just keep adding new panes to the right offscreen that I can scroll through, then I can swipe up and down for more lanes to do collections of different tasks.

I feel much more productive doing read/write tasks, like viewing tickets + code or PDFs + tickets and so-on

Depends on your screen size. On my laptop, I follow pretty much the same pattern you do, so I actually stopped bothering with XMonad.

But on my desktop with two 27" monitors, I find tiling incredibly useful. It's really nice to be able to quickly arrange a mix of Emacs windows, browsers and random other programs to use all that space. If I need to closely read through some documentation while also looking at code, I can quickly open a browser next to the code window. Later, when I want to focus on just code, I can send the browser to the other monitor or to a different workspace altogether. And I can juggle "side" stuff (chat windows, OBS, music, whatever) just as easily.

The key thing is that XMonad with some lightly customized layouts gives me the operations to do all of this quickly without needing to think about it. It only takes a couple of keystrokes to get to the state that I want at any time and, after a pretty short time, those keystrokes became muscle memory. Using a mouse to drag things around is more intuitive and flexible, but it requires shifting my attention far more than just using a single keyboard command. (And thanks to ADHD, that kind of distraction can be a real drag on my mental energy!)

> What's so interesting about tiling managers?

And of that interesting stuff, how much can't be had just by configuring the window tiling shortcuts in floating window managers to have the best of both worlds?

https://uli.rocks/p/tilling-xfce/

I think it's a combination of it's done to a degree and comfort + habit.

Let's say there are areas to improve still, but introducing anything new requires investment of time to learn it, breaking habits and giving discomfort. Even if it eventually starts paying off, it can cause a push back naturally. So it's really hard to do it right, may be only very gradually? Surely not like Gnome tried to do it.

Some direct comparison with such idea could be let's say a suboptimal keyboard layout and more optimal ones that are barely used.

I personally stick with KDE exactly because "it just works well enough" and its flexibility at the same time.

I also agree that the desktop is pretty much perfected at this point. I'm not saying UX researchers shouldn't try things - by all means, try new things. But don't expect that most of the ideas will land, because the paradigm we have really is quite good.

The Windows 95-7 paradigm was good. After that it went downhill. OSX was already downhill (probably just due to different conventions) and Linux can't stop digging deeper.

While reading it, I kept wondering why he thinks there hasn't been much innovation in the Linux WM space. And amusingly, tiling managers are one of the shining points of Linux WMs. I can't get a good one to work on Windows or Mac OS the way I can with AwesomeWM. To me, those OS's are quite behind.

Stuff like compiz was first on Linux. Woefully underused - even on Linux!

Enlightenment was amazing in the old days.

> Why would I want to change anything?

You don't need to change anything, but others do! Suppose the world decided tiling WMs were the way to go, and you could no longer run Gnome the way you currently do. Would you be happy?

The ideal is to have more features/capabilities, while not breaking existing users like you and me.

For the last year or so I have used Niri window manager exclusively. It's out there, even by Linux tiling window manager standards, and it's the most delightful window management experience I've ever had. I'm guessing there isn't anything remotely like it on Windows or MacOS.

As you say, there is incredible variety and innovation to be found in Linux desktops. The post would make more sense if it mainly concerned itself with the UX stagnation on MacOS IMO.

Tiling window managers aren't new though, I went through my tiling phase 25 years ago (Ion). My Mac experience today is not uniformly better than it was 30 years ago and in some ways much worse. It's true that much of the infrastructure is way better now, we have pretty good multilingual support everywhere, protected memory, better color, much better networking, but as someone who often just wants to sit down and grind through the e-mail queue that experience has been getting worse for around a decade.

I'm not saying they're new. I'm saying they were innovative in the Linux space, as opposed to MacOS or Windows.

Tiling window managers predate Linux (and Mac and Windows). Not to diminish the work people are doing to make the desktop better, in general I think on the Linux side things have gotten pretty good, but it's hard to come up with very many widely used substantial UX changes. Comparing to say Windows or Mac drawing an arbitrary line at 1990, networked hypertext, desktop search... What else? The infrastructure underneath is all way more advanced but the overall experience is pretty similar.

They appeared before in OSes like Oberon, Lillith, predating Linux.

Once again, I'm not talking about who invented them. I'm talking about the innovations in tiling managers in Linux WMs. I somehow doubt you'll find something as good as AwesomeWM in pre-Linux WMs.

What innovations?

In AwesomeWM, you don't have workspaces, you have tags. Each tag can have its own window layout. A given window can have multiple tags. As an example, I can have my terminal on tag 1, Firefox on tag 2, Emacs on tag 3. The tags appear like your typical workspaces.

Then I consult Firefox and need to type a command into the terminal. I can quickly assign tag 4 to both Firefox and the terminal. When I click on tag ("workspace" 4), I have both FF and the terminal tiled. If I go back to tag 1, it's just the terminal - or tag 2 and it's just Firefox.

If you want to think in terms of workspaces, it's the equivalent of having your window in multiple workspaces.

But even better: Instead of assigning tags 4 to both of them, I can just say "Let's temporarily combine tags 1, 2 and 3", and I'll have a (transient) view with all 3 windows, tiled. Very handy if I just need to do it for a short period of time - no need to untag 4 from all of them.

This way you can quickly do the "union" and "difference" of different tags as needed - really quickly. Say I've got both FF and Emacs in one tag. Then I need to quickly run a terminal command and copy/paste the output. I just say "Hey, let's do a union with tag 1, run the command, and undo the union."

Once you get used to it, you miss it in any window manager that doesn't have it.

no, you were among that day's lucky 10k when someone told about tiling GUI, and that day was the date it was invented in your mind. and it's not. awesomewm itself is like 20 years old and it was a competitor to other 10 years old tiling WMs at the start of that project.

I don't know what you're reading into my comments to give you the idea that I don't know how old tiling WMs are. I used them in the 90's.

> Tiling window managers aren't new though, I went through my tiling phase 25 years ago (Ion).

Me too! Never moved off of it: https://notionwm.net/

He did praise tiling managers as being better for large screens, though.

>Stuff like compiz was first on Linux. Woefully underused - even on Linux!

Compiz/compositing I think kinda was us going down on the wrong path. Generally it meant every app needed a texture (more like 2/3) to draw into, and compositing itself has increased latency.

We blinded ourselves with flashy effects only to give up on frugal resource use and display latency (as well as power use).

This whole thing is only just being fixed with Display Planes on Wayland, which are kinda poorly supported right now, requiring the right combination of HW/compositor/DE

> I can't get a good one to work on Windows

FancyZones (part of PowerToys) is pretty good. Maybe not exactly what you're used to (I don't know), but I'm happy with it.

The only thing I'm missing with the workspaces or tiling WM is slide in Windows for cross cutting concerns...

Want a terminal on the exact screen/workspace without minimizing windows or switching workspaces?

Want to drag a file from a file manager into an open Window?

Want to lookup something in your contacts or calendar?

I thought of something like quake-mode [1]/ guake as global overlay triggered by a shortcut like super+t for terminal etc. Would be a nice Addition to cosmic with tiling i think. Did not find the time for a PR yet.

1: https://github.com/repsac-by/gnome-shell-extension-quake-mod...

Spectrwm(rather obscure, but I like it) has a free window mode for things like this. where free windows are in all workspaces. Define some hotkeys for the special app invocation and perhaps add a protected region to keep normal windows out.

https://github.com/conformal/spectrwm

And a rendered manual https://manpages.debian.org/trixie/spectrwm/spectrwm.1.en.ht...

I had fun figuring it out one day, but the way I use the computer it did not provide much utility. so my config stays rather stock.

> I too am in the "it's done, it works well, don't mess with it" camp.

As am I.

One thing I would like to change is that on Linux I can paste text by selecting it and clicking the middle mouse button to paste. This is better than using ^C ^V because I don't have to get off the mousing and onto the keyboard. But unfortunately on some webshites the MMB doesn't work.

Yeah the paste-on-middle-mouse is insanely useful. But I have an uneasy feeling it will be going away soon.

Does it even work on Wayland? I always thought this was a feature of X. I really like it too but the inconsistent support seems to catch me more and more often these days.

Works on Wayland. Doesn't work in some assclown programs; e.g. claude attempts its own copy-to-clipboard feature, which goes around primary.

Yeah, it's an X thing. But on X, the highlight/middle-click clipboard is separate from the ctrl-c/ctrl-v clipboard, so you can hold two things at once when moving text around. IIRC this was just a historical quirk rather than any intentional design, and I think in Wayland they duplicated the controls but also combined them into a single clipboard.

you can 100% do that with autohotkey

If you've settled on Gnome then you don't have to change anything. Gnome will change it for you. Regardless of you. I really miss Gtk3/4 File->open dialogs having the ability to take pasted filepaths without erroring out.

But I will hand it to Gnome: they're the only wayland protocol desktop that supports accessibilty. That's huge. So even if I hate how it behaves right now while mostly sighted Gnome DE may be the only option for me in the future. And I guess I won't have to look at it when my retinas finish falling off.

In usability studies, it’s not uncommon for users to report they are faster at doing things one way, but actually timing them they were faster doing those things a different way, which they thought was slower.

So I don’t know about your particular set up. But maybe a usability researcher will come up with a way of working that’s more productive or efficient than what you’re doing now.

> I've tested everything. Xfce, tiling window managers, kde. Eventually I settled on Gnome

did you check cinnamon? Imo its the most user friendly and boring + batteries DE..

I have a very similar setup on kde. I used to run the tilling window manager i3, but since using more manufacturing software (kicad, freecad, slicers, etc), I wanted more traditional window management. kde with custom shorcuts gives me enough tilling management. I also like asign a sticky topic to numbered desktops.

> Why would I want to change anything?

I predict when a xterm comes along that behaves like tmux, ie makes all its panes available to all login sessions and does the reverse - makes your ssh sessions available to your favourite xterm and other ssh sessions, you will change.

Same... ish. 2D grid of desktops. Can add/remove them with a hotkey, but I normally have a 3x5 grid. Hyper+Arrows to navigate them. Hyper-s to stick/unstick a window, which also works for moving a window to a different desktop. Hyper-g to group/ungroup windows into a single shared frame with tabs. Hyper+Alt+Arrows to move a window, Hyper+Shift+Arrows to resize, Hyper+PgUp/PgDn to raise/lower, Hyper+Tab to change tabs in the current frame, etc. Lots of other keys, mostly Hyper+something.

Each desktop has a project or something, a related group of windows which I leave open until I'm done with it. Some desktops have remained more or less the same since the 1900s since they've been relevant and useful for that long.

Over time, my desktop hasn't gotten fancier... it has gotten simpler. Bells and whistles are inversely proportional to useful life span. Similarly, over time I've relied less and less on big, full-featured, specialized applications and databases... and more on plain text files, a text editor, short scripts, clean filesystem organization, and a whole lotta terminals.

Yes! I do pretty much the same in Mac.

Multiple desktops(spaces) each with one window of browser (Zen) and one window of cmux and an Emacs frame. One desktop for one task.

CMux has good native AI Agent notifications. So it works well in that capacity too.

Sometimes I wish there is some automatic tiling, but there is nothing good in Mac for that (I tried a couple of 3rd party software, but didn't work out)

We could do well with change on the desktop, but very little of the change I've seen during the past 10+ years is actually benefiting the user. Even on Linux, the changes happening are stuff like bugfixes and reducing jank; small incremental improvements that have already been done, but are just getting their final round of polish.

All the other changes I see are just shuffling around the UI, which doesn't really help anyone. And even newer features are either so marginal as to not matter, or can't be trusted to stick around. Why bother to learn a new UI, when all that does is get you back to square 1, and it might not even stick around? I'd be much more interested in tweaking my DE if I could be confident in knowing that those tweaks will persist and not cause other problems down the line, but I have no such assurance.

I don't blame the casuals for hating UI updates. I myself went to Linux to get a more cohesive and stable experience. If we're going to make changes, we need to not break workflows that already exist. New features and workflows need to either not be in the way for established users, or opt-in until they're established and known good. Doing anything else is user hostile, and by this time, given how much we know users don't like changing UI, dare I say, evil.

Yeah and when change do occur, its for the worse (e.g. Gnome)

> Why bother to learn a new UI, when all that does is get you back to square 1, and it might not even stick around

Exactly. That's why I gave up and stay on i3 and the common tools I use. I've been for a few month under hyprland and yeah no I'll go back to X11+i3 the pain it provides is just not worth it even if the common user would think they're pretty similar.

I'm already upset that I have to use Windows at work because I've not used it in years and I have to relearn everything again (like every time you want to change some settings it appears that Microsoft has moved them?) that I don't have the free time to spend to do the same on Linux. I just want my computer to work and to work the same unless I specifically decide to change it, not because some update thought it would be cool to move things around

That sentiment is probably what it means to growing older though

How is gnome "for the worse"?

Gnome 3 just works. It takes up reasonably small visual space, shows windows, has multiple desktops, I can do everything with either just a keyboard or with just a mouse. The "explode" overview is fast and I can actually find the stuff I'm looking for even with many windows.

I much prefer it to a Mac or a Windows machine, where stuff like super+left/right click doesn't work to move/resize windows, has some idiotic model that your app can run with no windows, only apparent by peeking at the top left corner's text, has 2 different maximize/full screen that messes up the virtual desktop order for no reason, and you literally have to get a better alt tab extension because the native is that useless. All this by a company considered to be "good at design".

Let's not even get started with modern windows's idiosyncrasies.

> Gnome 3 just works. It takes up reasonably small visual space, shows windows, has multiple desktops, I can do everything with either just a keyboard or with just a mouse.

And 20 extensions because by default it's borderline useless

I use zero extensions and it's perfectly fine.

Again, anything material to add?

In the gnome file explorer there's 3 different menus, marked only by generic icons, and I always forget the one to open a new tab.

Well, use another file explorer? Just because it's also developed under the same project, how does it have any relevance here? Especially that on Linux the file browser has no special status as on e.g. windows.

That was my point to be fair, it's not the gnome DE in itself the main issue it's the ecosystem. You wouldn't tell most windows or osx user to replace explorer or finder, and yes that can be a solution just like changing the whole DE can. Software update should not get me this passionate about it or it's clearly that something's wrong

Fwiw, look at the vast "make Mac suck less" ecosystem, like AltTab and similar (most of my friends have the top right panel chock full of icons, half of which are this kind of plugins/extensions)

Ctrl-T.

Completely fair to complain that the icons do not indicate the purpose of each menu. They do helpfully name each menu in the tooltip: the hamburger on the left is "Main Menu", the three vertical dots in the location bar is the "Current Folder Menu" and the down arrow next to the view switcher is "View Options".

The Main Menu offers global actions, and appears in the left-hand global pane of the window. The Current Folder Menu offers actions specifically related to the location named in the location bar. The View Options menu is part of a split button with the view switcher, and has additional view-related options.

You're right that the icons themselves do not explain their full and complete functionality. Fortunately, we do not need to rely on hoping for the right labels for actions (be they textual or iconographic). For software intended to be used on a regular basis, it's worth spending a bit of time internalizing the model.

If there's one thing I've learned over 2 decades of using gnome, it's that it is very much not worth internalizing whatever model they're using this 3-5 year period, because it'll be ripped out the next.

Gnome doesn't even have maximise and minimise buttons on windows without an extension. It absolutely does not 'just work'.

Even just yesterday there were comments pointing this out: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49802633

> has some idiotic model that your app can run with no windows

Sorry for wanting background programs to run in the background and get out of my way.

Well, it doesn't have a tray per se, so what would minimize actually do? That's not good criticism that it's different from win XP ergo bad.

For maximize, it's double click on the top bar, or super+up. It has a huge target for the mouse and it's super intuitive. Unlike having a 3 or how many state maximize button that just elongates my window along one axis for some reason.

For minimize, just put it on another workspace you don't use. I think it's a much better mental model, and the tray itself is absolutely not intuitive (the number of times I had to explain to elderly relatives that this tiny icon here is where your window went to. No, this another icon that looks almost the same, but doesn't have that border - how intuitive - was not running it's just pinned. Oh and yeah on this one you have to just hover over, no not click, because there are multiple windows grouped together)

> Well, it doesn't have a tray per se, so what would minimize actually do? That's not good criticism that it's different from win XP ergo bad.

It doesn't fit with workflows I have. Ergo Gnome does not 'just' work.

> For maximize, it's double click on the top bar, or super+up.

Very discoverable.

> It has a huge target for the mouse and it's super intuitive.

No, it's not intuitive. I use it, but only because I read about it on the internet.

> Unlike having a 3 or how many state maximize button that just elongates my window along one axis for some reason.

You might want to read Apple human interface guidelines for what those buttons actually do. It's even explained in the OS (although I admit, not very front and centre).

> For minimize, just put it on another workspace you don't use. I think it's a much better mental model,

I don't. I don't want the equivalent of a junk folder on my phone filled with apps I can't delete. I want to be able to delete those apps. Just the same, I want my background programs to be out of the way, not visible, in the background. I don't want to always have that one workspace that's just dead space.

> and the tray itself is absolutely not intuitive (the number of times I had to explain to elderly relatives that this tiny icon here is where your window went to.

What program even made that talk happen? Even if a program ends up in the tray, you can reopen it the normal way without issues.

> No, this another icon that looks almost the same, but doesn't have that border - how intuitive - was not running it's just pinned.

What are you even talking about here? What are you talking about when you say 'pinned'? If the icons look the same, that's a fault with the program, not the idea of a tray.

> Oh and yeah on this one you have to just hover over, no not click, because there are multiple windows grouped together)

Grouped windowed in the taskbar is a misfeature and should never have been implemented. I'll agree with you on that point.

> You might want to read Apple human interface guidelines for what those buttons actually do.

Almost every app on MacOS does whatever they want with the minimize and close buttons. They are completely useless to me, you never know what will happen. And this isn't a recent problem, the way multiple windows are treated as one app is just unintuitive.

> Almost every app on MacOS does whatever they want with the minimize and close buttons. They are completely useless to me, you never know what will happen.

It's gotten worse over the years. I wish developers did better.

> And this isn't a recent problem, the way multiple windows are treated as one app is just unintuitive.

It's largely the same on Linux and Windows as far as I know, or do you mean just as far as the traffic light buttons are concerned?

On Windows its not the same.

- MDI applications, for example old Photoshop and old Excel, can have multiple child windows inside of a single window. If you close the main window with the X button then everything closes.

- If you start multiple instances of an application you'll see multiple instances in the taskbar. On MacOS this is not really the intended way, you are supposed to have multiple windows. Afaik you can only launch multiple instances from the command line.

On Windows there are apps that minimize to tray instead of closing. I'd say that this is a similar problem but its a bit better than Slack on MacOS that just minimizes to Dock when you click the X button.

> - MDI applications, for example old Photoshop and old Excel, can have multiple child windows inside of a single window. If you close the main window with the X button then everything closes.

You can do the same on MacOS?

> - If you start multiple instances of an application you'll see multiple instances in the taskbar. On MacOS this is not really the intended way, you are supposed to have multiple windows. Afaik you can only launch multiple instances from the command line.

Are there any MacOS programs that don't allow you to have multiple windows of the app open, thus not giving you the equivalent experience? (cf. Firefox will let me have two browser windows open. I don't need two separate instances for it to act as though it were). I've never had this issue before, but that might just be me.

> On Windows there are apps that minimize to tray instead of closing. I'd say that this is a similar problem but its a bit better than Slack on MacOS that just minimizes to Dock when you click the X button.

There are apps like that on MacOS too. I don't think that's really the intended way to do things, and what Slack does sounds even worse than that, but that's a Slack problem, not a MacOS problem.

I believe the comment you're responding to is confusing the system tray and the taskbar. When they say "tray", they mean the taskbar, I think.

It’s not that gnome is bad because it doesn’t fit the windows archetype. It’s bad because its archetype is just worse.

The dock is basically awful, because you can’t read application or window titles, windows auto-stack and require extra hover and clicks, and it’s not able to hold very many open applications. A (preferably vertical) windows XP style taskbar gives you more information and functionality for less space. It’s just better.

Same thing with tray icons, which hold quick functionality for apps that mostly run in the background. It’s good for things like discord or an email manager. It’s perfectly intuitive - you’ve closed an app but it’s still running in the background, just like your iPhone. Even android basically has tray icons in the control panel via persistent notifications.

I just keep my windows maximized all the time. What would I need minimize and maximize buttons for? If I have need for several windows next to each other, Gnome gives me handy keyboard shortcuts.

> Sorry for wanting background programs to run in the background and get out of my way.

Sounds like those "background programs running in the background" should be user daemons instead of GUI applications.

> I just keep my windows maximized all the time. What would I need minimize and maximize buttons for?

I have too many windows open to keep them all maximised.

> If I have need for several windows next to each other, Gnome gives me handy keyboard shortcuts.

Those are undiscoverable and should not be the only option.

> Sounds like those "background programs running in the background" should be user daemons instead of GUI applications.

Shoulda, coulda, woulda. I manage with the programs that are, not the ones that could be. I'm not interested in developing my own DE, not redeveloping all the other programs surrounding it.

One isn't even a GUI application. The second sees regular use with a GUI, but only for reconfigurations that take less than 10 seconds.

My workflow works for me, and has for the past 10, probably 20 years if you include earlier programs doing the same kinds of things. Why would I want to relearn a new UI for only marginal benefits?

> Those are undiscoverable and should not be the only option.

Super left right up down. Literally the most logical, and what's used everywhere. And just grabbing and "squeezing" it onto the target edge works, for longer than on the other two major desktops.

> Super left right up down. Literally the most logical, and what's used everywhere.

It's used everywhere and it's completely undiscoverable. Both are true at the same time.

> And just grabbing and "squeezing" it onto the target edge works, for longer than on the other two major desktops.

Good, that's another option. Now, the only thing missing is the default option that's been in use on computers for over 30 years, namely maximise and minimise buttons.

How does maximize and minimize splits your desktop into a side-by-side view? You aren't even taking about the same thing we do.

It doesn't. I don't see why you think I've said that. You're the one who brought that up as an option. My point is that I still want minimise and maximise buttons as an default viable option.

> I have too many windows open to keep them all maximised.

You can have as many windows maximized as you want. There's not upper limit to maximized windows.

> Those are undiscoverable and should not be the only option.

Just do `<super> + appname` and you'll jump to the window in question. No discovery required. The WM will do the discovery for you.

> Shoulda, coulda, woulda. I manage with the programs that are, not the ones that could be. I'm not interested in developing my own DE, not redeveloping all the other programs surrounding it.

> One isn't even a GUI application. The second sees regular use with a GUI, but only for reconfigurations that take less than 10 seconds.

The not-gui application you could put into a user-defined daemon (check [0] on how to create user services). The GUI-for-reconfiguration thingy you can put on a workspace, then it's out of your way and still accessible for reconfiguration.

> Why would I want to relearn a new UI for only marginal benefits?

To be snarky; "Why would I want to relearn riding for a new horseless carriage with only marginal benefits?"

[0] https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Systemd/User

> You can have as many windows maximized as you want. There's not upper limit to maximized windows.

I phrased that wrongly. Sorry about that.

I constantly maximise windows, and I often minimise them too. I use the buttons for that. Sometimes i double click the title bar, and sometimes I just drag to the top. Neither of the latter two, or any other way to maximise or minimise windows, implie that the buttons shouldn't be there. I still use them, regardless of the other options, and I like it that way.

> Just do `<super> + appname` and you'll jump to the window in question. No discovery required. The WM will do the discovery for you.

Knowing that you're supposed to do '<super> + appname' is undiscoverable.

> The not-gui application you could put into a user-defined daemon (check [0] on how to create user services). The GUI-for-reconfiguration thingy you can put on a workspace, then it's out of your way and still accessible for reconfiguration.

No thanks. I'm good.

> To be snarky; "Why would I want to relearn riding for a new horseless carriage with only marginal benefits?"

To be even snarkier: Why live? I still haven't found a good reason. But while I'm doing it, I don't want to make my existence harder.

Relearning a new UI doesn't have any obvious benefits. People would have told me about the benefits by now. The horseless carriage has obvious benefits. People have told me about those, and it didn't take much to convince me. It shouldn't take much to convince me to relearn a new UI. The UI simply has to be good and have features which make my life easier. Gnome isn't and doesn't have any, going by the times I've tried to use it and the ways people try to convince me that it's actually good.

> Relearning a new UI doesn't have any obvious benefits. People would have told me about the benefits by now.

Gnome for me has the benefit of being usable without ever actually touching the mouse. I can keep my fingers on the keyboard without ever having to lift my hand and push around the mouse to switch applications, to start applications, find applications. The only time I need to use the mouse is if I'm using applications that have some kind of obligatory/mandatory mouse usage, e.g. Blender or Gimp or the like.

YMMV.

Surely you realize that using a computer in this fashion in the modern era is relegated to a fraction of a percentage of people, right? I agree with the sentiment that an OS should be usable without a pointing device, especially for accessibility reasons or instances where a pointing device is faulty or unavailable, but it should also consider the other 99.999% of general purpose computer users.

It should be usable by both a mouse-only, by both a keyboard-only and with a combination of the two.

Accessibility is paramount in and of itself, but it also has the added benefit of helping non-standard situations. Like I occasionally use my desktop over TV from bed with only a mouse, or the reverse, I may only have a keyboard at the time. Or I'm just eating/drinking something.

Gnome performs splendidly here, windows and Mac, much less so.

Most of the programs I use require the mouse often enough that this isn't really a workflow I'm interested in. And even if those edge-case actions can be done without a mouse, it's usually some arcane keyboard shortcut to do so, which isn't actually any faster than just using the mouse unless you've already optimised your way to only using the keyboard.

YMMV indeed.

I'm curious; why do you minimize windows? What's your use case for that?

I remember that I stopped minimizing windows when I stopped putting application starters and folders on the desktop - this was the one thing that forced me to minimize windows, because otherwise I couldn't access those (obviously).

> I'm curious; why do you minimize windows? What's your use case for that?

Because there are windows behind the one I want to minimise that I wish to see. Each of my monitors has at least two programs on it, most of which are best viewed maximised (a video, a full screen game, a remote session to a different desktop, a text editor, probably more in some extreme cases).

> I remember that I stopped minimizing windows when I stopped putting application starters and folders on the desktop - this was the one thing that forced me to minimize windows, because otherwise I couldn't access those (obviously).

My desktop isn't quite sterile, but there's nothing there I need immediate access to. And if I do, I use the file manager anyway.

That's because these buttons are useless.

I use them every day.

I use them constantly.

Exactly what I like in Gnome, it stays out of the way, it's "lightweight" enough. At the beginning, I was customizing it a lot, but learned over the years to get rid of many things.

Note : I come from GNOME 2 so maybe that's why I despise it because of the complete redesign they made. The app drawer is just not made for computer they just saw windows 8 ui and decided to go with it too

GTK4 decided to drop the ability to theme any apps (or are seriously going this way if its not already in place) but that's my computer and the lack of customization is litterally one of the main reason i left windows 15 years ago.

Renaming the apps to something totally generic is also weird like i want to install eye-of-gnome now called "photos" i have no clue what the package name is, same for engrampa or the file explorer.

The new design guideline is not to my taste but that's not the point here.

But it's a lot of small stuff like you copy / extract a file then no more window just a small indicator in the corner of the file explorer which cannot stay on screen so i can track the progress easily, and what happen if I close the explorer ? Does it continue in the background or stop because everything is closed i'll never know.

I also had a grip with the picture viewer which forced me to stay on eog until I finally took the dip and went to eye-of-mate but I don't remember it, just that it was enough for me to stop using it

To be fair my experience is more or less a year old since I've not used GTK software in a while but that's just a few exemple on how it clearly isn't as good as it used to be.

None of these are problems with Gnome shell though, it's just as happy running thunar or kde programs.

For file copy, I swear I have yet to see a variant of this that I actually liked. Not sure why it's so hard to properly solve.

No but I never claimed that the shell itself was the main issue (though the app drawer is definetly part of it). It's the gnome ecosystem in general that took this approach. Of course I can use a different app each time one changes the way they do stuff but that's the point I shouldn't have to learn a new app because an update broke what I used to use

I find kde file copy pretty nice. It shows up in the systray as a queue of work in progress easy to both keep track of and ignore.

"But it's a lot of small stuff like you copy / extract a file then no more window just a small indicator in the corner of the file explorer which cannot stay on screen so i can track the progress easily, and what happen if I close the explorer ? Does it continue in the background or stop because everything is closed i'll never know."

This is Hacker News. You can just try and see what happens.

Oh yeah I could absoluetly, but I just moved on gnome already lost me so I see no point to since I'm now used to another software and I won't come back

> Renaming the apps to something totally generic is also weird like i want to install eye-of-gnome now called "photos" i have no clue what the package name is, same for engrampa or the file explorer.

That one actually seems good. Windows got this right from the start - your files were in File Manager, not Kzdrhnoyr. Your programs were in program manager. You got to the internet with Internet Explorer not Metabird, you changed settings in the Control Panel not in WinGadgets. You write in Notepad or Wordpad or Word, not in Phantom Song 3. Of course they had some exceptions, like Outlook Express which really should have been called Email.

It should be gnome-photos though not just photos.

Any system that is missing a task bar/dock/whatever you call it is a non-starter for serious work. That's a major regression that completely kills default Gnome, and shows just how incompetent their UX designers are. Even the Windows 8 designers knew better than that, and that's saying something.

oh yeah I forgot about this but I absolutely have a grip with this.

Though I'm not 100% in line with this because in i3 I have no taskbar but it's perfect for serious work because:

1. Each app / type of app I use has its own workspace

2. The indicator of workspace only shows those which have a window on it, even if they always exist

That pretty much replicates the taskbar experience but with the added benefits that I choose exactly how I "group" those windows

Why would I want a "task bar/dock/whatever you call it" taking up space on my screen when I have more interesting things to do and look at?

My LxQt task bar is 20 pixels high. A typical Gnome session wastes more than that on useless padding.

It is one of the "interesting things to look at" if one is switching between apps and files regularly. It's not just an app launcher with icons (though in some environments it is and that's their UX failure). It shows important variable info, like file or directory names per program, sometimes status of the action inside app (connected/disconnected or action completion percentage etc.). Clock is useful too, as are notification badges. Taskbar is for work, not just to take space.

I used to think task bars were pretty neat, back in the 1990s. But once I started keeping more than a dozen windows open, it became a waste of space. And now that I typically have 200+ windows open, the concept of a taskbar is ... like trying to get a fish to ride a bicycle, or like having a rock in my shoe. It gets in my way and provides no benefit to me.

But that's okay. I don't have to use one. Different people have different needs and preferences, and their choice to use a taskbar-free workflow doesn't interfere with their ability to get serious work done.

Yeah this whole conversation is interesting to me. Linux was impenetrable to me 10-15 years ago (partially due to age but I wasn’t exactly a kid back then). Now it feels way more polished and usable. I’m hardly a power user but that’s sort of the point! I’ve got machines using bazzite, pop, and elementary. I get tripped up by permissions and stuff here and there but overall pop and Bazzite in particular have proven to be perfectly capable daily drivers.

I’m hardly an expert and maybe I’m not the target audience, but I like where things are and have been going. Now they just need to solve how circuitous installing Linux is…

When compared with GNOME 2.0. Mate and Cinnamon exist for a reason.

'you are used to that other thing' is not equivalent to being better.

Ok, so here are the points where GNOME 3.0 is worse:

- Basic window manager capabilities since twm and fwvm require extensions

- JavaScript all over the place, and for several years, GJS + SpiderMonkey had enough leaks and loss of performance versus the C based extensions

- Windows like registry for gsettings.

- One needs a third party app to actually edit gsettings in a comfortable way

- Multiple reboots on the IDE tooling, the new designer actually uses Web rendering tech for what are supposed to be native applications

- The way virtual monitors are managed versus traditional X Windows managers is bonkers

- No support for Windows shading, again another classical X Windows manager feature

Plenty of others I could list.

Gnome 2 was really good for it's time. Gnome 3 is a dumbed down disaster, removing settings I care about (such as font antialiasing settings, which I need to change to not get literal headaches, subpixel AA is awful as is anything blurry).

And that is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to Gnome. I went to Xfce, MATE and then Cinnamon for some years, but I'm now back on KDE and it been good for several years (I left KDE when KDE 4 came out and went to Gnome 2).

But each to their own, use what makes you happy. But Gnome has a history of messing with your desktop, KDE less so in recent years.

> Gnome 3 [...] removing settings I care about (such as font antialiasing settings, which I need to change to not get literal headaches, subpixel AA is awful as is anything blurry).

1) That setting still exists, it's just less prominent.

2) Subpixel AA is no longer the default; the default is grayscale, because it works well on all screens in all orientations.

Last I checked I couldn't set full hinting. And for GTK4 programs I even had to set a hidden variable in a ini file[1] to make it respect my fontconfig setting for hinting.

Apparently it is supposed to be on for low DPI screens. I would count mine as low DPI (even my laptop is only around 150 DPI) but I still need to set that manually.

So no, GTK didn't keep the font rendering settings I care about, and is actively hostile in trying to ignore them even.

[1]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GTK#Text_in_GTK_4_applicati...

> Last I checked I couldn't set full hinting.

That setting is there in GNOME Tweaks; I'm looking at it right now.

(I'm not trying to dismiss the concern, here, but AFAICT the setting isn't missing.)

Last I checked (a few years ago admittedly) Gnome Tweaks only configured the fontconfig setting, not the ini setting to make GTK4 programs care.

Also Gnome Tweaks is an add-on, not part of the default install on any Linux distro I have tried. In KDE Plasma this is in the standard settings.

And if you use any desktop environment other than GNOME, their preferences certainly won't set the GTK4 hidden ini setting. Rather they expect programs to follow best interoperability practises, such as respecting the fontconfig settings. Most people won't limit themselves to only first-party apps from their DE of choice, so interoperability is king.

Maybe you missed the controversy when it happened but Gnome 3 has been nonstop removing features since its conception. It's explicitly aiming to be an OS for low-skill users. It also insists on being incompatible with industry standards like server-side window decorations. This is because it's a Red Hat project and they sell ecosystem lock-in.

<< That sentiment is probably what it means to growing older though

That does not mean you are not right. The tool is supposed to work for you and for your benefit.

Imagine car update haphazardly changed ways in which doors open ( looking at you Ford ). Is that you growing old or someone is fucking with things they shouldn't.

Change is fine, but it should be invisible. Some years ago, I drove a car that didn't have a turn signal lever. It had some sort of switch on the dash. An old lady asked me to drive her car someplace we were both going after dark - I had been driving it for an hour before I happened to notice. Despite that difference, since the switch was exactly where my fingers expected it, I didn't need to notice it.

Automatic transmissions are objectively better, though I also find it respectable to challenge yourself a little by insisting on driving manual. But they're also change. Electric cars don't even need a transmission at all, that's change. And push-button start, anyone?

My great great grandmother grew up with neither electricity nor cars. It's been nonstop change for the last hundred years, and I don't get to special-plead that change must stop now just because it's when I'm alive.

The changes from the distant past that stuck were better for users while the ones from the recent past that stuck were better for shareholders - that's possibly the only relevant difference.

YMMV.

I think Gnome is one of the better desktops out there. It goes out of my way and I very much like the changes it brought.

Yeah of course i've got no problem that people use it, but the devs have started to take a vert opiniated approach that is not aligned with my vision. It's just unfortunate that an update can break all my habits

Image if all people who don't want to use Sway would post the same opinion every time anyone would mention DEs on Linux.

That would be relevant when a Debian/Ubuntu/whatever upgrade switched those users to Sway. That's the problem: The Gnome 3 users wanted to create something different but instead of doing just that they changed a project that already had existing users.

It's not the "Gnome users" that wanted to create something different - it's the Gnome developers that did.

It's the developers prerogative to do with their project whatever they want.

Don't need to be so drastic, XFCE, Afterstep, windowmaker, Openbox, Enlightment,...

I disagree. KDE 6 is really good, and each point upgrade to 6 delivers an improvement.

Care to point out what improvements KDE 6 has got that isn't something that's already been done in some other DE or OS, and isn't a bugfix or polish?

I haven't daily driven KDE to see what it's truly like, but from a distance it doesn't seem to be doing anything revolutionary or truly new, but I'd love to be proven wrong.

You should not be doing anything revolutionary. UX design is a well understood field with a lot of research into it. Doing something revolutionary or new is a bad idea. I'm sure there are new things in KDE, but nobody will be able to think of them for a long time because the new things are minor things that nobody is going to notice or care about.

You sound like you're disagreeing with me, yet what you write is inline with my opinion, but I might just be misreading your comment.

I wrote in my OP that 'even on Linux, the changes happening are stuff like bugfixes and reducing jank; small incremental improvements that have already been done, but are just getting their final round of polish'. The comment I was responding to claimed disagree, and said that KDE does get improvements. I wanted to clarify what improvements those are, since I can't see why they would disagree with my original comment in the only improvements in KDE are 'stuff like bugfixes and reducing jank; small incremental improvements that have already been done, but are just getting their final round of polish'.

I don't think he misread your comment, I think you miswrote it. Your first sentence is:

> We could do well with change on the desktop,

Ah, in that case I've misread their comment. If their opinion is that the desktop doesn't need change because KDE is good and only delivers small incremental improvements, then I can definitely see their point.

Not necessarily 6, but KDE Connect is such a seamless experience of integrating your phone with your computer out of the box. Sharing clipboard, files, notifications, controlling cursor and keyboard from your phone, controlling media - all of that just works really well, without online accounts, on your local network.

Sure, there's Apple Continuity, but looks like it was released 2014 (KDE Connect - 2013) and it's tightly locked to the Apple ecosystem. And yes, the 2013 version doesn't have the same feature parity or stability as the current one, but that's ok because we're not discussing bugfixes or polish.

It's innovative enough that GSConnect is the Gnome implementation of the KDE Connect.

KDE Connect is over 10 years old by now. Hardly new. I also think it's sort of an extension of Apple's Messages app on MacOS, which let you send and receive messages through iMessage from a Mac, and thus pick up where you left of with your phone. That might be a stretch though, since KDE Connect and later Continuity does a lot more (although I'd be very surprised if Continuity wasn't viewed as that inside Apple at that time).

I'm also pretty sure the basic feature set you're mentioning, like clipboard and file sharing, using your phone to control your desktop, was part of the 1.0 release. Are there any features in KDE Connect that are new-ish?

That said, props to KDE for actually making a feature that hadn't been done before. But if KDE Connect is the most recent example of genuine improvements in the desktop experience that aren't just fixes, that goes to show that nobody's actually doing anything significant (in a good way) to the desktop experience.

KDE used to be terrible. However today, despite some grievances, it's probably the most polished modern Linux DE experience. Enough so that Valve chose it for SteamOS. I am also enjoying it on a Bazzite system.

I used xfce for pretty much my entire life because yes, there's been very little meaningful improvement to the DE experience in 25 years. Modern KDE finally convinced me to switch, and it does feel like a much more mature, refined experience than the shit show that was past KDE. It's also stable and fast. You should give it a spin!

I'm very happy on Cinnamon, but it's nice to have an escape hatch. KDE probably isn't going away or in a ditch any time soon (even when it was shit, they seemed to have had their minds in the right place). Nor is xfce for that matter (I wouldn't be surprised if there's still an active xfce dev after the bombs fall).

KDE does tiling really well and conventional window management really well. Doing both well is unique to KDE, AFAICT.

That sounds like polish and bugfixes to me. It's good that they do that though.

Tiling is a major feature that many people switch desktops to get, giving up lots in the process.

How long have we had tiling? It's not a new feature to me, but maybe I've just got my years off. Maybe the exact implementation in KDE is new, but the idea isn't.

You're one of today's lucky 10,000 then. If you've got a large screen, a properly flexibly tiling window manager is a game changer. Try out i3 or hyprland or press meta-T on KDE.

You don't seem to have answered my question. On the contrary, I can't get this comment to make any sense in context.

You're arguing from a position of ignorance. That's a great position to be in, because it means you get the thrill of experiencing something new and awesome.

1: https://xkcd.com/1053/

2: i3, hyprland or KDE meta-t or another good tiling window manager

I have no idea what you're talking about. It's as if you're responding to a comment I didn't write.

This subthread started with you disagreeing with me, saying that KDE continually gets better with each point upgrade. Then I asked you what new features KDE has implemented that already in some other OS or DE, and that aren't polish and bugfixes, since one of my points in the OP was that Linux largely isn't improving through new features, but just through polish and bugfixes.

You pointed out tiling as a new feature, which I pointed out isn't a new feature at all (unless I'm just wildly off base). KDE might do it well, but it polishing and fixing a feature, or reimplementing a feature which already exists in another DE, or some combination of those two, is not making something new (maybe their tiling is really good and actually revolutionary, but then you should tell me that, and not just tell me to try it out!).

I'm not interested in trying out tiling, even if it's good. I've known about it for a while, so I don't understand why you're telling me I'm one of today's lucky 10000. I literally wrote that it isn't a new feature to me. I have no idea why you're telling me to try it out. I'm very happy using fairly plain Cinnamon. I'm interested in knowing whether or not KDE has implemented features that aren't already in some other OS or DE, and that aren't polish and bugfixes. That's why I asked that question.

> Maybe their tiling is really good and actually revolutionary, but then you should tell me that, and not just tell me to try it out

This whole thread is me saying tiling is really good and a significant update.

Ok. Now what's the new and revolutionary part of the way KDE does tiling, that hasn't been done before, and isn't just polish and bugfixes?

KDE is the only desktop that manages floating windows and tiling in one. Tiling WMs are tiling-first, gnome and crew is floating only, KDE is both.

But that’s not the only thing that KDE does that’s revolutionary and hard to find. I’ve written a whole blog on this, but to say a little here:

- full panel and widget customization with alternatives. Some panel designs are very space efficient and high-information, which you can’t find on Gnome, Windows or MacOS

- krunner, which lets you search everything all at once. Granted Apple has spotlight, but krunner is very good.

- activities, which is like virtual desktops on steroids. You can have completely different desktop configurations if you want, and switch between them.

I use dwm. It seems to be able to handle tiled and floating windows with no problem.

dwm is only a window manager, not a desktop. Which is fine, but it’s not the most fair comparison because it’s not dwm vs KDE, it’s dwm vs kwin. Or dwm + 20 applications vs KDE.

I see your point; you did say “only desktop”.

For me the greatest thing about KDE is that once you have it, you don't miss anything from any other DE or OS. It has everything! I find gnome and the new gtk4 apps definitely more beautiful but I end up running KDE always.

KDE is an experiment to pack 20 big things in a bag that can only hold 5 things. Then add one more thing in next release. And make every pixel clickable.

KDE 6's out of box experience is really good. You can tweak it to your heart's content, but you don't need to. It's not "every pixel clickable" unless you deliberately made it so. Older versions of KDE were more like you describe.

Yeah I just installed the KDE Fedora on a new laptop and it's basically just feels like a sparse Windows 10.

Feels like my work box, except it isn't constantly showing me ads and pegging 2 cores with an anti-malware process of some kind.

Right now KDE is "good enough" that I'm not looking for an alternative.

KDE had always been about adding 100 more features, 20 more toolbar buttons, etc. (and let that sink in)

I suppose some power users like that they can really do everything with it.

And yet the out of the box experience has substantially fewer than 20 buttons.

Yeah, they're hidden in three-level deep burger menus. Konsole and KWrite are particularly egregious.

There is a middle ground between GNOME's minimalist wasteland and KDE's kitchen sink. And yet for some reason, the patch to add smart copy/paste to Konsole, like most modern terminals have and default to, has been stuck for years waiting for approval from the design team just to add a checkbox hidden in the settings.

This might sound heretic but maybe running mostly GNOME apps on a KDE desktop might be an interesting "best of both worlds" situation to investigate...

But why do we need changes on the desktop? What was wrong with the desktops of Gnome 2 / Windows XP / Snow Leopard era? I'll never understand why we couldn't just stick with that - it felt that desktop was solved back then and is going downhill ever since, change for the sake of change, or maybe marketing to make things look prettier.

Very little was wrong with those. I'd be very happy if those were the default, plus a few niceties we've found since then.

But I'd also like us to discover more, to hopefully make the desktop better. The way to do that however, is not by forcing users to try whatever the hot new thing is. The old and known good needs to remain a viable option.

I think the OS/2 Workplace Shell was probably the pinnacle. Everything since then has been a functional downgrade with nicer aesthetics (which matter!).

I have a small collection of period-correct laptops running various Windows versions. Some of them represent history we love to look back on (a Compaq with an AMD K5 running Windows 95), others... not so much (a centrino T41 Thinkpad running Vista SP1).

My opinion of XP is a little more mixed than yours.

XP was great, but I maintain that 7 is actually the high water mark for Windows' usability. There's a lot of stuff you take for granted nowadays that XP never had.

Dragging a window to the side of the screen to snap it to one half of the screen. You probably do that a lot now, but XP doesn't do that.

XP has no search function in the Start menu. Hell, I don't recall Vista having that, either.

Explorer (the file browser, not the browser browser) in XP is far more simplistic than you remember it. Again, limitations mostly come down to search and quality-of-life stuff that we now take for granted.

Snipping tool. Being able to smack Print Screen and quickly crop and annotate a screenshot is awesome. XP doesn't do that OOTB. Greenshot really was the freeware gem you remember it being, to be fair.

XP does get a lot of things right. Highly legible and consistent UI elements with clear visual feedback and color coding. Control Panel being a unified portal for all Windows settings. Fast user switching was a big innovation vs previous Windows versions. No ads (besides mostly benign MSN promos), no online accounts, no cloudshit.

I encourage anyone reading this to go grab an old laptop and an XP Pro CD-ROM. Try using XP the way we used it in its own time, on era-appropriate hardware. In some ways it's as great as you remember it. In other ways, it probably isn't.

> XP has no search function in the Start menu. Hell, I don't recall Vista having that, either.

Vista definitely had that out of the box; Windows 7 perfected the search functionality - specifically it ended up performing faster than Vista. then windows 8 had to ruin it, and windows 10 never recovered - MS seemingly forgot what a good local search experience was after that.

> MS seemingly forgot what a good local search experience was after that.

If you ask me, MS seemingly forgot what a good experience for anything was after Windows 7.

Job security, if they are done, the teams don't need the same headcount to keep them going.

Awesome-WM awaits your clanked stable utopia

One of the most unfortunate things to happen to Linux on Desktop is Gnome and their childish and contemptuous behaviour towards users. Of close to the 20 years of using linux on desktop the large part of it away from Gnome has been the best.

In fact, I think decoupling things from Gnome has been one of the best outcomes of Wayland.

The year of Linux will start the day we have a capable wayland desktop environment that is not foreign to Mac and Windows users without chasing stupid churn. /rant

Gnome 3 is one of the best things to happen to Linux on Desktop, and a salient example of actually modernizing the desktop.

GNOME 3 doesn't implement very basic, table-stakes DE features and patronizes users for expecting them, turning them instead toward a horrid, unsandboxed, privileged user script extension system which has no place in a DE.

They could have just kept hacking on GNOME 2 and we'd have been in a better place. If it wasn't for modern KDE I'd still be using xfce, a project which respects its users.

I wanted to wire an webcal/https ics link into the GNOME calendar the other day: absolutely no way to do that. There's a prominent calendar in the top bar of GNOME, and it seems no one actually uses it?

GNOME 3 is what happens when you follow the Apple designer-is-always-right philosophy without Apple-level talent.

Apple has completely fucked up their software ecosystem and UI/UX as well. Still better than GNOME.

There are no DE features I'm missing from GNOME 3. GNOME 3 respects the majority of the users, and this entails not making it a mess by catering to the vocal minority who can't move on from Windows 95.

In what way does KDE not already meet this requirement? It operates similarly to Windows, and the features they add don't tend to do anything to the base experience.

I've not used it in a very long time, but I also get the impression that Cinnamon is also familiar in this way and doesn't make major changes.

Seconding KDE, I hope it overtakes Gnome as the main Linux DE. It had some rough teething problems with Wayland, but it's very good now. It has a much less... opinionated interface than Gnome, and it doesn't eat as many resources either. It also doesn't try to stop you from customizing things if you want. I finally switched my main PC off of Windows for it last month.

> The year of Linux will start the day we have a capable wayland desktop environment that is not foreign to Mac and Windows users without chasing stupid churn.

I mean that's KDE Plasma 6 right? Over the past few years it's pretty much become the standard Linux DE. From https://pointieststick.com/2025/12/28/highlights-from-2025/ :

> Today Plasma is the default desktop environment in a bunch of the hottest new gaming-focused distros, including Bazzite, CachyOS, Garuda, Nobara, and of course SteamOS on Valve’s gaming devices. Fedora’s Plasma edition was also promoted to co-equal status with the GNOME edition, and Asahi Linux — the single practical option for Linux on newer Macs — only supports KDE Plasma. Parrot Linux recently switched to Plasma by default, too. And Plasma remains the default on old standbys like EndeavourOS, Manjaro, NixOS, OpenMandriva, Slackware and TuxedoOS — which ships on all devices sold by Tuxedo Computers! And looking at the DIY distro space, Plasma is by far Arch users’ preferred desktop environment.

> It’s a quiet revolution in how Linux users interact with their computers, and my sense is that it’s gone largely unnoticed. But it happened, so let’s feel good about it!

> In fact, if we exclude the distros that showcase their developers’ custom DEs (e.g. COSMIC, ElementaryOS, and Linux Mint), at this point the only significant distros missing here are the enterprise-oriented ones: Debian, RHEL, SLE, Ubuntu, and the like. It’s something for us to work on in 2026, but clearly the current state is already great for a lot of people, including gamers, artists, developers, and general users.

I get the sense that Gnome's current popularity is largely because there's a bunch of enterprise specific features (i.e. LDAP accounts, headless RDP, Group Policy configuration) missing from KDE that companies or governments would have to cover the development costs for.

I don’t know. Niri took the PaperWM idea and built a first class experience around that, and it’s fantastic. I think that’s the way to do this sort of thing. Have a standalone project do the legwork while keeping legacy desktops stable.

Niri is an awesome project. I've never understood why one would want a tiling wm when windows split vertically lose so much of their useful real estate. The idea of windows being spawned in a scrolling list just makes so much more sense to how I work. I tried it pretty recently and pretty quickly decided that I would be sticking with it.

In the end, using any device is all about doing actions (the simplest being reading/viewing, but also editing etc.) on data. Now the biggest difference between desktop and mobile is that the first one is (was?) file oriented while the second one is software (application) oriented. Edit a document, listen to a music, on desktop you would historically navigate to where the file is, then open it with the program of your choice. On mobile, you would almost never do that, you would first open the app and from it select the file you want to interact with. This is changing a lot how you are organizing the way you work. On desktop, it is easy to put related files of different types in the same folder, for example you organize your birthday, you can have the list of the invited people in a excel file with their number, a subfolder with the songs you want to play, some pictures of the venue, a text files with notes and etc. It is not natural at all to organize things like that on mobile. Android and iOS are hiding the files as much as they can. (This is not the case on Ubuntu Touch for example). And it becomes the responsibility of the app to organize the files it can open. This has a big impact on what you expect your desktop manager to done or not. I would personally be very happy if I could organize applications how we can organize files, and simply reopen a work session where I left it (some PDF open, some terminals open, my IDE, my browser...) even weeks after. To complexify the topic even more, the same thinking can be done in the browser, which is basically an OS now...

Yes! You’re describing a fundamental dichotomy in approaches to GUIs in general! Historically, we can see the difference and some oscillation very clearly:

The Xerox Star, the Canon Cat and Apple Lisa’s OSes were largely document oriented, and placed no emphasis on the application at all. The Operating System owned the creation and editing aspects of the document. Developers could only add "tools" that slotted into the existing interfaces the OS provided. You’d never launch an App on any of those OSes, you’d "tear off" a new doc from the stationary pad on a Lisa (that sounds ridiculous as I type it).

That paradigm really goes against the idea of "Software as a separate product", which is an older idea, starting in the 1960s at IBM (they unbundled HW and SW, partly under anti-trust pressure). The document-centric GUIs/Shells don’t really allow for a separate software market.

The 1984 Mac was kind of a middle ground, in my mind. It was a platform for discrete Applications (sold separately) but it also had the Finder which let you organise, open and delete documents separately from the Application that edited them.

Apple and later MS tried to bring the document-first concept back with OpenDoc and OLE respectively. OpenDoc never went anywhere then Jobs killed it, and OLE turned out much smaller in ambition and scope (and I think was never very popular with devs).

I think ultimately the intuition and perceived benefit behind document centric GUIs is pretty clear: the OS knows what kinds of artefacts it can handle, and presents a consistent and controlled interface to the user. File interoperability problems are minimised. Devs are allowed to extend functionality to an extent, but they can never take over the system or invent a new kind of interaction.

The App-first paradigm OTOH places more power in the Application developers hands, gives them the means to innovate, and allows for a larger, more diverse, more self-important software market to exist (see iOS).

Mixing the two, as the Mac does, comes with some confusion and complication for the end user, but I think is ultimately the right balance for everyone.

There are two things the document-oriented approach struggles with, though in many ways it's still the best we have.

The first is creating new documents: Lisa's attempt was understandable, Windows' File/New menu tends to miss out all non-Microsoft file types. Sometimes you just need to open the app, like inkscape, to get started off.

The second problem is with things inherently app-based like games. Sure, one could have 'File/New/Factorio game' in the Explorer menu (although that just copies a template file, it doesn't allow for customization) and one could make it so that double-clicking a save game opens Factorio (assuming .fac or something is associated with the correct program), but the usual way is start -> steam -> factorio -> load game (or, more likely, 'continue game' which the document-based approach also can't handle well).

I like my documents and my music organized into folders, most of the time I'm not fussed where my savegames are stored (steam cloud backups, after all). A sensibly done hybrid approach is best.

How to organize my Factorio blueprints is another question ...

Games making their save files front and center might be an improvement. The old days of them being in the install directory were good. Then some started putting them in "My Documents" reasonable for alleged security reasons. Then they vanished under "%APPDATA%". Now some don't even have the name in the path thanks to the dumb idea of "cloud saves".

Loved your history lesson! I wonder if we could bring this paradigm back.

Ironically the 'OS integrates everything' paradigm has made a comeback in the web browser - it really has every OS feature under the sun, but this time focused around content consumption.

I think 'AI' might feel less revolutionary, if the modern PC was focused this level of interoperability around content creation. A lot of people would suddenly discover all these activities and get good at them.

"Android and iOS are hiding the files as much as they can."

This is the number one thing that bugs me about all the mobile OS platforms. The most important thing to me is my data not the programs that I use to operate on them.

Anyone can have a copy of the programs I use, but only I have my data.

Leaving the organisation of something so important to some XYZ app doing who knows what is just madness to me.

100%. The other day I needed to record a small snippet of audio so I installed some random audio recorder app from the app marketplace. It worked fine, but I could only see and replay my audio clip from inside the app, so the first thing I did was "share" it to my email which thankfully arrived as an attached .m4a file I could actually work with.

This is precisely the thing that drives me nuts about how mobile platforms treat data. They assume their users don't/shouldn't own anything anymore.

Recently I was trying to put a couple videos on my iPad before a trip. I would think I could just copy the files from a network share to the iPad and be done with it, but that didn't work as I couldn't get those files to be accessible in the apps no matter what I did. Instead I had to use VLC which has a server built in that was able to upload the files into the app. The entire process had me swearing at Apple constantly.

I use syncthing from my server to android. Seamless and configurable how I want it.

I still don't like the way apps try to hide the filesystem in android but at least I can use a file browser to access the file system directly.

Thank you for confirming my thoughts about Apple.

Unfortunately the incentive of current mobile OSs is to funnel everything towards rent-seeking.

The cloud was a mistake.

Win 3.11 program manager was application oriented. Win 95 was a mix, you could work document-oriented in Explorer (and most people did) but the start menu was still application oriented, with the exception of the "recent files" part (I forgen when exactly that was introduced). 'Libraries' pushes you from the files-and-folders back into a more application based model, to the point where I have an empty 'music library' and a folder music2 next to it where I can organize things the way I want.

I had a friend that stored her docs in a folder in the start menu back in win 95

It was odd at first, but it made a lot of sense from a document first mindset.

I eventually adopted a similar strategy myself.

Hm, I suppose in theory the only difference between the desktop and the start menu is how they're physically displayed. Interesting that everyone stored their files in the desktop and nobody in the start menu - I suppose that's really just because it was easier to navigate to the desktop in the save dialog and because you could right click -> new document there.

> I would personally be very happy if I could organize applications how we can organize files, and simply reopen a work session where I left it

This statement reminds me of Sugar, the desktop originally developed by One Laptop Per Child. Sugar is basically the exact inverse of where mobile is going, so it's kinda interesting to look back on.

Sugar tries to blur the line between files and applications. Instead, you deal in "activities" which are a file, bundled with certain context (ex: what program opens it), all in a pretty flat hierarchy.

The way Sugar does things, w there isn't a "File -> Open" in sight. All file opening happens from that Activities menu.

To be clear: Do I think we should just take what Sugar does and put it in GNOME? Hell no! Sugar is very simplistic by design, it's not suitable for adult productivity. But, it's an immediately intuitive concept. Imagine if the app drawer was a chronological list not of every app, but of every thing you've worked on in all apps.

I think that's an idea worth exploring, maybe for tiling WMs specifically where maintenance of the desktop itself (arranging it, organizing it, etc) is such a dominant part of the experience.

Kind of how windows's old document-first paradigm worked. Of course we didn't have a name for it at the time since it was just how computers worked. You could open Word and select open, but 95% of the time you double clicked on a word file. You can't do this on phones for some reason.

The term "activities" icks me out though, it's totally not obvious what that means. Maybe it is obvious in context but it feels a bit like having every explorer window start with a heading "files and folders" or your desktop says "desktop". If it's really good UI you shouldn't need a label for the whole collection like that.

> You could open Word and select open, but 95% of the time you double clicked on a word file. You can't do this on phones for some reason.

And Sugar, being a single-tasking UI first and foremost, with this activities motif, is a proof of concept that mobile could work this way.

The name "activity" indeed makes a bit more sense in context.

>Now the biggest difference between desktop and mobile is that the first one is (was?) file oriented while the second one is software (application) oriented.

Is this really a meaningful distinction or just your preference? I find myself reaching for a file manager on desktop a lot less than 30 years ago, because when a file structure is necessary it's nearly always handled by a specialized app, and I don't need that many advanced file management features anymore (example: RAW + sidecars are handled by my RAW app itself, not my file manager, because both are useless without each other). Software development is an obvious exception and power user configuration is an unnecessary exception.

>This is changing a lot how you are organizing the way you work. On desktop, it is easy to put related files of different types in the same folder, for example you organize your birthday, you can have the list of the invited people in a excel file with their number, a subfolder with the songs you want to play, some pictures of the venue, a text files with notes and etc. It is not natural at all to organize things like that on mobile.

Then it seems you're talking about a more fundamental distinction which is "flat collections filterable/searchable by metadata" vs "hierarchical trees with a mnemonic structure" to organize entities. Not about files vs non-files. But again I use both on desktop and mobile without problems (simple example: Obsidian has a tree, media catalogues are typically either flat collections or hybrid).

UI in general, let alone UX, is a much wider concept than that single difference.

For me it was a major revelation when it was pointed out that, for someone who doesn't want his desktop changed, I did install all sorts of crazy things when I was starting with Linux (Compiz plugins, anyone?). And while Gnome 3 pushed me into Mate, it wasn't because it was different but rather because it was bad. So I'm excited about someone trying something new, particularly someone who realizes that the Desktop is not a tablet.

Here's an idea that I believe I read in HN as "the original purpose of the desktop": add a Desktop Manager that manages which icons are on your desktop and makes it easy to switch.

The desktop is kind of weird, in the sense that it's prime real estate but, at the same time, there's an expectation that you shouldn't put too much stuff there, and then it ends up cluttered anyway. I think it's worth trying a stronger separation between "Desktop" and any other regular folder, emphasizing that the Desktop is where you place links to the files you need right now, but with a mechanism to clear it completely (without losing data) and another to switch which icons you see right now, kind of like browser tab groups. That way, when you're working on a project you place the files you need on the desktop and when you're done you clean it up.

> The desktop is kind of weird, in the sense that it's prime real estate but, at the same time, there's an expectation that you shouldn't put too much stuff there,

If we go further into the metaphor of a desktop, there would be sections for tools and sections for pending work. The inkwell versus the blotter, if you will.

But then, well, what difference is there between a designated permanent zone of the desktop for non-tools, versus a regular window showing some contents of a folder, which the user has chosen to position above an empty area?

When I was on Windows there was point in time when I use Stardock's Fences, around or between 2010-2014.

Pretty nice product as I recall, lots of features to make the "Desktop" more or less dynamic. Pretty soon after I stopped using the "Desktop" entirely.

[] https://www.stardock.com/products/fences/

Persistence. If you're going to have a physical metaphor, don't throw out one of the most useful features of the thing you're emulating.

On old Macs you could drag files and folders on the desktop, work from there, and then put them back where they belonged with a single command, one by one or all at once. Applications used file IDs to refer to them, so all references kept working (not only with the desktop, but with all moves and renames). But old Macs had a different filesystem; modern filesystems are probably not fit for that.

Modern macOS still lets you keep editing a file even if it's moved somewhere else, I think because file editing is done with the actual file ID rather than its bare location on the filesystem.

Windows, on other hand, prevents you from doing this in my experience.

Correct. It's not so much "modern macOS" though, it's a feature of APFS[1].

  > Most of us still think of file systems in simple terms, like HFS+. Duplicate or copy a file, and macOS copies all the data to a new storage area and makes that a different file. Thankfully, APFS is much smarter than that, and regularly – indeed, as a rule whenever it can – doesn’t copy any data at all. What it does is create a clone file, which is a bit like a hard link, in that the file record points to the same data as the original. Unlike a hard link, the clone is a separate file, with its own iNode.

[1] https://eclecticlight.co/2021/05/29/explainer-deduplication/

Linux can theoretically do this, but only if the editing application keeps the file open between saves, which they don't.

It also keeps a file around on disk with no way to access it as long as it's open.

When are we getting filesystem transactions.

On very old Macs, the files did not actually move! Just a flag on file metadata. IIRC, it was System 7 that introduced the Desktop folder.

Yeah I think that's the ideal use of the desktop, as a temporary area for what you're currently working on. It's a shame that Microsoft didn't copy the "Put Away" feature when they added desktop icons to Windows 95, and the desktop became a combination of a generic storage area for files and a place where program installers dump application shortcuts. Then everybody (including Apple for Mac OS X) copied Microsoft's approach instead of Apple's.

I suppose today the substitute workflow would be to alias/shortcut something onto the desktop, then delete it from the desktop when you are done.

I agree, GNOME 3 and all the subsequent versions are so bad. They made GNOME into a glorified tablet environment, but I'm using a desktop, not a tablet, for a reason.

I'm still mad at GNOME developers for ruining such a good desktop environment.

Luckily, Linux Mint managed to create a good environment that is as pleasant as using GNOME 2.

I bought a tablet to use with Krita and settled on Manjaro because Ubuntu had so many tablet issues. Everything I tried is especially bad with 4k touchscreen/pen. I started with KDE, then Gnome but DE really didn't matter because they're all so terrible - it's now for watching videos or travel only.

How is gnome bad? https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49825642

I left Gnome 3 for Mate early on and I never looked back, but here are the issues I remember.

First, dialogs could not be dragged to the side. It took me less than one day to realize that, when it comes to naming a file, I need to look at the document to remember, for instance, the name of the institution I'm writing to. If I can't move the Save dialog then I have to cancel, find the name, remember it, and start the save process again, at which point I also lost the folder I had navigated to.

Showing app icons without categories is useless to me because sometimes I don't know what the app is called, only what it does. I know I have a webcam app and I know it should be under Video, but I have no idea what it's called. Gnome's flat hierarchy makes it harder for me to find what I'm looking for.

Removing the individual window menus and the icons for minimizing and maximizing kills the muscle memory I've built over the last 30 years - same reason why I hate that the X button on Mac doesn't really close the program.

But on the topic of Mac, that's for me the main problem: that Gnome 3 wanted to be MacOS and copied their ideas regardless of whether they make sense to their users. I know the things I mentioned above may sound small but those are constant papercuts that remind me every 5 minutes that I didn't use to have so many papercuts. I can't imagine that anyone did a proper usability test before dropping what, to me, were breaking changes.

There were other factors like the attitude of "this is how it is now so take it or leave it", but the whole process led me to realize that I don't want to think about my window manager and that, if I'm thinking about it, then it's getting in my way of doing actual work.

> First, dialogs could not be dragged to the side

It's GTK, not gnome and I agree it's not the most logical behavior, but I don't think it's all that relevant to the general workflow the gnome-shell provides.

> App icon without categories

Folders are a native feature of gnome-shell, it's on your distro for not using it.

> Maximize, minimize

Getting used to something is surely a strong effect, but I don't think it's a fair criticism in and of itself, otherwise every change would be unequivocally bad. See my broader reply here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49829080

I really don't think gnome copied too much stuff from mac, especially that I like gnome and pretty much dislike Mac. Gnome people have a pretty well thought out design and workflow idea, so this criticism doesn't fly. I can accept that you may not like that design idea, but it's definitely not a cheap, no thought copy of Mac.

On dialogs: I don't think it's fair to say "it's GTK, not Gnome" when a. the behavior started happening with Gnome 3, b. it doesn't happen in Mate, and c. GTK is maintained by the GNOME Project. Behavior, BTW, that (AFAIK) was exclusive until then to MacOS.

On categories: I don't think the Debian people had a big input into how the menu was supposed to look like. I'm willing to bet that it's the default seeing as, again, it's also the default in MacOS.

But on the main topic: I believe that good design should be invisible, and Gnome 3 was the absolute opposite of that. Take Firefox mobile: one day they asked me if I wanted to try the new layout with the navigation bar on the bottom, I said yes, and I never looked back because it made my life SO MUCH easier. In contrast, Gnome's Wikipedia page has an entire section titled "criticism" detailing entire distros that dropped it and successful forks that kept the old behavior. I therefore feel strongly against the idea that it was "well thought out", or more precisely, I think it may he been "well thought out" but not "well tested with the actual users".

When you familiarise yourself with macOS, you arrive at the conclusion that GNOME is indeed not a cheap copy of Mac, it is something worse: a miserable attempt at copying its ideas. There are many examples, but from the top of my head and clicking around:

- Window title bars - Menu bars: removed while copying macOS, but no global menu either. If only it was like macOS! - Symbolic icon craze - Autohiding a context menu after 0.5 seconds of holding the button (since GTK 3) - The top right area in GNOME's Hell - The "Apps" view in GNOME's Hell, which also has a Dock wannabe - Nautilus is basically Finder - Nowadays animations that you can't turn off

Most of the damage to GNOME has been done in version 3. I've converted away from anything GTK 4 because I can't stand it anymore.

Though I admit that it's cohesive and if you expect very little, it kind of works. Also there's probably nothing better for touch screens.

There's no point in answering this question, either you get it or you don't. If you get it you get it. If you don't it's because the way you want to use your desktop fits exactly into the design decisions of GNOME and you can't even imagine somebody wanting different features. It can't even be chalked up to an extreme lack of imagination because there is a plethora of desktop environments that do things differently from GNOME that you could look up to figure out why one might think GNOME is bad.

> and you can't even imagine somebody wanting different features

You may want to read that sentence again, and change the subjects around. Maybe it's gnome doing stuff differently that you can't accept because it's not win 98?

Go to gnome.org, scroll down to "Developer Platform" and look at the title bar of the screenshot there. If you see a clean interface, then no reason other people give you will help.

But, if you do see the arrows there and think - why are there so many arrows and dots? It looks like bad UX. They you can see the issues others are talking about.

what an amazing example. We have on one window title bar:

- a "+"

- a down-arrow which presumably opens some sort of menu

- a hamburger menu (why is this different to the down arrow?)

- a "..." menu (err, isn't this the same as the hamburger menu and/or the down arrow?)

- A "hammer" icon next to the word "fetching". Because... Hammer Time! Also, yeah we use a hammer to fetch things. I think that's something we can all get behind.

- another two down-arrows. One probably opens out options for the "hammer" bar. The other...?

- an up and down arrow. Maybe this actually changes the options for the "hammer/fetching" bar.

- A search magnifying glass (no search field curiously).

- A cross.

And the biggest problem is that most GTK3+ applications have that kind of messy client side decoration. It's completely unusable.

I currently have ~12 windows open (Win11 explorer, office, dev / terminal apps, sublime, Firefox, signal) : almost every one of them has a different top bar.

Also, something about "Podcasts" in what is presenting as a Rust IDE. Looking more closely at the rest, I assume this is because it's the name of the project being edited, but it's still confusing. Fundamentally the title bar is being split in two, with a separate part for each main column of the window, as if it were really two windows docked together.

So you have a problem with a particular GTK application? Wow.

How about actually talking about the topic at hand, which is the gnome shell and its UX?

This is the consistently inconsistent look and feel off GNOME 3, not just one application

I... disagree. GNOME Builder is GTK4 and Libadwaita, with lots of custom widgets to build out the "IDE-lite" experience.

It looks like this because it's also how XCode and Visual Studio looks. I don't like it, I don't use Builder, but the design isn't foreign.

Visual studio does not look like this, because it uses text instead of icons. Which both uses less space, and is much easier to parse.

The gnome style client side decorations versus traditional menu bars is just bad. It works okay if your application has like… two buttons. Which, to be fair, is many gnome apps because they’re so feature-anemic. But once you have many functions, it becomes a mess that wastes huge amount of screen space.

Xcode is also confusing and should not be copied. Have they really mangled VS that badly it's like xcode?

it's not bad, you don't like it.

And you don't want to adapt.

Just watched a video of a guy ranting on Gnome 3 14 years ago, the reasons are just wtf, mentioning things I almost never used in my life.

I also had issues, but just learned to get over it and now my workflow is excellent while requiring only minimal customization.

Nobody wants to adapt because the workflow is worse. Things take longer, more clicks, and more information is hidden, necessitating submenus and more submenus.

Simple example: you have 3 file manager windows open. Go choose the correct one with the directory you want. On my KDE setup, the window is right there in the dock. I can see the window title and know it’s the correct window, so I click it.

On Gnome, first I drag my cursor to the left to show the dock. Then I click the icon, because of course app windows stack. Then I squint at the thumbnail and find it. Or, alternatively, I open the overview and hunt for it. Maybe it’s on a different desktop, I hope not.

The workflow is just worse, and this extends to basically every workflow in gnome. It only becomes okay when you abuse keyboard shortcuts, because the actual desktop UX is so bad. And people will actually turn around and claim that gnome is good because of keyboard shortcuts!

No, it’s not! Every desktop has keyboard shortcuts. Gnome is the only one that forces you to use them, because the interface is so obtuse, slow, and obnoxious to use.

The Desktop isn't prime real estate when you are actually using your computer and have windows covering it. Then it becomes cumbersome to access anything on it, even with a one click show desktop button.

Having the desktop not also be a file dump by default and instead a space for mostly useless widgets was one of the few good things KDE 4 did.

Key issue driving any conversation about desktop environments; so many people have vastly different workflows and expectations for their computer.

Personally, I keep my desktop absolutely sterile, usually some geometric patterned background, and that's it. Autohiding taskbar, no shortcuts, etc. It keeps me from having the "stepping into another room" effect when I sit down at my computer, which I'm very prone to. That means I can hit win/option/spotlight depending on the comp and launch the program I sat down to get into, without thinking "Oh yeah, I meant to edit that excel file..." and going on a 30 minute tangent.

> and launch the program I sat down to get into, without thinking "Oh yeah, I meant to edit that excel file..." and going on a 30 minute tangent.

I have the opposite problem. I leave things on the desktop as an intentional reminder to get back to them, but it doesn't work.

It's for this reason that I find the desktop generally of more use on a Mac than I do under Windows or under Linux with a Windows-type DE.

macOS is built around the idea of windows being sized and positioned as they will, with very little management (automated or otherwise), leaving a substantial amount of desktop exposed most of the time. As a result, the desktop gets a lot more usage as a staging space since it's constantly available for drag and drop operations (both to and from).

In Windows-paradigm systems on the other hand, it's almost a given that the screen will be filled entirely with 1-2 windows and the desktop is only ever really visible upon reboot or hard context switches.

The Amiga Workbench was semi-spatial in that you could snapshot icons in place so their locations would persist, but you could also drag and drop icons everywhere without saving their location and it'd reset next time.

My current desktop works like that. It's not quite what you're describing, but it's a couple of minor iterations away to allow multiple different snapshots.

I remember in the old days the desktop was like a starting point. You'd open the drive that had the program you wanted to use, double click it. Or a little later you could double click the document you wanted to edit and the relevant application would start up automatically and open the doc.

Now I never see my desktop. A handful of apps, primarily Chrome, are permanently open in front of it. The computer is always on, if I reboot then the previous state more or less restores automatically.

So the desktop itself is not really prime real estate any more. It's more of an abstract idea, the layer underneath all the useful bits. The windows have taken over.

On macOS the desktop path is where screenshots go... so mostly I just have a litter of 100s of screenshots there.

Communicating at work seems to involve taking lots of screenshots.

Usually these are files I don't really care to keep around, I just need it in the moment so I can add it to a message in Slack, Teams, Jira, Github etc.

So it feels like this primitive could maybe be built into the OS in a more developed way than just screen area -> file, so that you could access it directly from apps (in a consistent way - as an OS feature) and avoid generating junk files.

I've noticed this shift too, my computer is normally turned on 24/7 and has things open. Because rebooting it and reopening things is usually a pointless waste of time. Did this shift coincide with the internet changing from a place you visited to a place you always were, with the rise in smartphones?

Probably also goes along with the shift to more efficient and quieter devices - first with the OS adding a working 'sleep' mode so you don't have to turn the computer all the way off, later enhanced by SSDs and fanless laptops etc

> On macOS the desktop path is where screenshots go... so mostly I just have a litter of 100s of screenshots there. […] you could […] avoid generating junk files.

Some features that may help with this:

After opening the Shift-Command-5 screenshot interface, in the “Options” menu, you can change the folder your screenshots are saved to from the Desktop to any other folder of your choice. Files will still be saved, but you may find it easier to organize those files, as they will be separated from anything else on your Desktop.

After opening the Shift-Command-5 screenshot interface, in the “Options” menu, you can change the save location to Clipboard. Or when taking a screenshot with any other shortcut, you can save just that screenshot to the clipboard by also holding Control. Copying to the clipboard ensures there is nothing to clean up afterward.

If you want to take two screenshots and then paste both, you can still use the clipboard if you enable macOS’s clipboard history feature. That would let you copy both screenshots, then paste them both into your app. To enable clipboard history, see official docs at https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/search-your-clipboa... or a more detailed guide at https://www.cultofmac.com/how-to/mac-clipboard-history#enabl....

The meta problem with all this desktop UX design discussion is that it's not actually very problem driven.

Many of us solve our UI problems and we land into our own happy minima.

Many of the UX "solutions" are either invented problems or not my problems or worse, grinding some anti-me agenda.

Like many, a lot of my UX improvements have been to simplify the UI. Tiling, with just a few windows per virtual desktop in herbstluftwm: kitty, emacs, browser and some rare transient application (usually PDF or image viewer).

The idea in the screen shot horrifies me. Why would I buy an expensive high pixel monitor just to use only 10% of it to display a single window? Why would I want to waste CPU to animate the migration of a full window to a single button icon (another example given)?

These UI "innovations" are great for movie props but do they actually help in reality? Not that I see. The "stagnation" of UI to me is more a plateau. Anything truly new must be driven by new "I", no input/output channels between user and computer.

The one interesting idea I saw in the article was Lifestreams. I think storage and recall is something that needs improvement and new ideas because for me that is a problem. I produce and consume too much info while recalling it is hard and while also I often do not produce or consume info that I wish I had.

Again, it's the I/O that drives the progress.

Yeah the social media giants cribbed Lifestreams sort of with the timeline but without the search capabilities that were a cornerstone of the paper. You can see glimpses of this metaphor elsewhere with email, rss and news readers but it would be interesting to make that the centralized metaphor of an entire system for all the system's data.

The basic idea of Lifestreams is good for its metaphor but a lot of important implementation problems are ignored: ballooning storage from "clone" operations for every edit, ever increasing "view" query time, lack of a provenance back pointer. I think a lot of this can be solved with an SQL store, git style content hashes but there are still leaks to plug. One big one is how to resolve hashes given the content stores can move or disappear? Here I am assuming the system does not attempt to intern and reinvent git, github, dropbox, Maildir, etc? Then there is the huge footprint of how to collect inputs. Plugins for browser, email, git, perhaps even file system. It's all rather daunting to contemplate yet also feels like such a workable system is just within reach.

The general argument in favor of the animation is that cues where the window went in case you minimized it (or whatever) accidentally.

>Many of the UX "solutions" are either invented problems or not my problems or worse, grinding some anti-me agenda.

>These UI "innovations" are great for movie props but do they actually help in reality? Not that I see.

Scott Jenson specifically mentioned in this talk that he doesn't view open source devs as programmers who couldn't care less about needs of non-power users, but this is exactly that sort of a tone deaf response, and a really narrow perspective.

Most actually novel things in Linux desktops since the ~late 2000s target the extreme power users. They have near-zero discoverability, terrible defaults, building substantial skills and constant practice and maintenance are required to use it for rather routine operations, etc. I mean I also used to configure my WM by programming it in Lua (because it expected the users to know it and I do), I also use emacs for quarter a century, I use Nix to set up my entire desktop, but I'm not saying everything else is useless and carries "anti-me agenda".

Your animation example is really telling, most users are like "where did my window go??" without it, I'm talking from the first-hand experience of watching young people trying to use a computer. The CPU argument is simply inane and 100% irrelevant for the modern hardware, I'd understand if it was distracting for you (and me too), but wasting CPU is a silly hill to die on. Power user interfaces that make simple things hard is the primary reason most young people outside of a really narrow group are not tech-savvy and look at desktops as obsolete ancient tech.

There are arguments that it's impossible to target both power users and any others, but these are all simply wrong. Both target groups are totally compatible, you can look at Microsoft's ribbon or superbar as an example of such an interface. In the worst case you introduce a simple binary setting if you don't want the cues, don't tell me it offends you somehow please.

(That said, it's funny to hear SJ mentioning his work on Finder, because that's probably the worst non-power-user file manager in existence.)

> (That said, it funny to hear SJ mentioning his work on Finder, because that's probably the worst non-power-user file manager in existence.)

I’ve seen similar sentiments echoed many times but I’ve never really understood them. After enabling the status and path bars and setting window search default to the current directory, I don’t find the Finder any worse than the typical Linux file manager and in some ways prefer it to Windows Explorer.

I don't care about animations wasting CPU time. Any modern CPU has plenty of cycles to spare for animations. I care about wasting my own time. If I minimize a window, it should minimize immediately. I don't want to wait for some useless animation to play first.

That animation in particular (window minimization) is 200-300ms long in most DEs, and is located on the slow/discoverable UI path that is tolerable to such delays. If you want faster speeds, you likely use the keyboard and your muscle memory and aren't likely to find yourself in a scenario where you want to minimize or maximize a window at all, since you're using the hot/low latency path through the UI (e.g. Alt-TAB or a myriad other ways). If you use a pointer, it's a rather negligible delay compared to moving it, and of course you can make it faster in the settings. UI design is about thinking such details through and measuring them, not adding useless animations to annoy power users.

Anyway, it's not the point. You're always free to disable animations if you think they're making you slow. I think too many people in the discussions about UIs are confusing quirks of particular interfaces with first principles, and are extrapolating specific experiences to the whole field.

> You're always free to disable animations if you think they're making you slow.

Sadly less and less true nowadays. I always try to turn off any animations. On Android the settings is not respected, not even by Google owns app. On KDE itseld, it respects it pretty well, but applications don't always do, and not consistently. Firefox has its own animation settind on Android, linux, and windows (never tried on mac), and firefox doesn't even respect it in some case when scrolling even though i turned off everything.

I hate animations. I want everything instant, my time is precious, my ability to suffer shit moving all over the place is limited.

I have animations minimized (whatever the setting is called) on my iphone, and there is still a maddening delay when doing many actions. Either the app has hard-coded some amount of time between presses or the program is so inept that it really takes fractions of a second to do basic activities.

>it's a rather negligible delay compared to moving it

That's an irrelevant comparison. If you booked a long flight, would you accept somebody pointlessly delaying it for an hour just because that's short compared to the duration? The correct amount of avoidable latency is zero, regardless of how much unavoidable latency there is.

It's also false; I have a good mouse, good mouse skills, and my taskbar sits against the edge of the screen giving it effectively infinite height (see Fitt's law). I can hit taskbar targets in around 300ms.

You're assuming this is a sequential workflow, which it isn't. Animation is already done by the time you hit a target. I also am fast with the mouse, I used to play and design competitive FPSes for a living, that's precisely why without measurement and considering actual scenarios I have a really hard time believing that this specific thing actually slows anything down for real use cases and isn't just your personal preference/imagination. I disable it too but it's just my preference, as I find it distracting and breaking the focus.

I click the taskbar to minimize/restore the windows, so the animation starts only after I click them. And it's still sequential even if I use the title bar icons, because I have to wait for the animation to finish before I can use the space where the window once was.

I don’t find the ideas proposed in the talk (and this article based on it) terribly offensive, but that’s not because of anybody being more right or wrong.

Desktop UX I think is a much more deeply personal and subjective thing than many care to admit. A setup that’s one user’s nirvana can be another’s anathema (case in point: the tiling setups beloved by many in the tech sphere drive me crazy).

While some underlying principles track between different solutions, I don’t think it’s possible to build a desktop that works well for everybody. We all have different mental models, ways of thinking, ways of working, and formative experiences with technology and that all goes into what we find most ergonomic and comfortable. It’s very similar to how radically people’s physical workspaces can differ from each other.

So the best thing to do I think is to ensure that a wide variety of meaningfully different desktops are available so as many users can find one that’s a reasonably close match to their style. Trying to pose a single desktop as “most correct” and shoehorning all users into it is a recipe for failure. Maybe the futuristic concept desktop is the right choice for someone even if most would prefer something more traditional.

I like the idea in the screenshot. I'm sure you can maximize the central window if you want to, but this does make good use of space when you don't.

Your objection reminds me of people feeling a difference between two monitors, and one monitor twice the size.

Yeah, this can be a little extreme, and I feel we can benefit from being a little more open to trying new things.

The part about designing specifically for large displays and widescreen monitors was interesting. We can also reverse it, though: right now I'm away from home, and I only have this old laptop which is mostly great but has a shitty touchpad as the mouse, and I have to think this must be really common. However, this situation seems to be completely ignored by all desktop UX design. We seem to be pretty good at coming up with ways to use the mouse in our programs, but when the mouse is hard to control and unreliable, it causes pain. I guess I can use ratpoison or something, but that seems to be giving up too much.

Regarding the AI going deep into the filesystem and organizing my data...I'm extremely skeptical of inserting any kind of inherent unpredictability into how I interact with the computer. Giving a command or input should produce a well-defined and predictable (in principle) action. Getting rid of that paradigm fundamentally changes the relationship between the user and the computer in a way that, in my opinion at least, greatly diminishes its usefulness as a tool.

Here's another thing that's just completely ignored: touchpad as anything other than a mouse replacement. It's possible for a touchpad to allow things like pinch-to-zoom, but nobody's really doing that. You could even use it as a low res painting tablet.

Well, Apple is doing it. The touchpad experience on macbooks is really on another level than all other laptops and one of the main reasons that's keeping me there.

It's a gimmik

How is the primary way of interacting with your computer being good a gimmick?

I try to use my partner’s windows laptop and it’s borderline unusable for me. She only almost uses it with a mouse plugged in. Meanwhile I don’t think I’ve ever seen someone plug in a mouse to a MacBook that wasn’t docked to a monitor and keyboard.

Pinch to zoom and two finger scrolling work well for me in most Windows apps. Apple has a few touchoad gestures that I don't believe have equivalents elsewhere, but they would be pretty neat.

The main issue with going beyond the mouse is that it involves changes across the event handling stack. For track pads, you have to build multi-touch infrastructure up ro a point and then there is a decision: what are gestures that are handled at a desktop level? What are gestures that get converted into semantically similar events (e.g. tap->LMB click)? What gets passed through as multi-touch? This ends up touching a lot of parts of the desktop software stack and the amount of required buy in to get this done on Linux seems massive.

Then change the stack. We can't be stuck on obsolete inefficient mental models. We are programmers, we can change software to fit new requirements. We already found ways to deliver keyboard input to the focused window.

Pinch-to-zoom is handled by libinput, and exposed to gtk apps. Works fine in firefox. Works in GtkWebkit views. works in Loupe the image viewer. works in Gnome Maps. Even works in Emacs, ffs.

Are you on X or smth?

I'm actually on a desktop without a touchpad.

I don't understand your initial comment at all, then. You want touchpads to have features they already have, which you haven't tried, because you don't have a touchpad?..

Or was there a different meaning?

You understand that I can understand that parts of the system I don't personally use right now have issues right? Like I don't use systemd, because it sucks, but I can still say systemd sucks.

I have no idea why you've been downvoted? Touchpad pinch-to-zoom has worked out of the box for years now (and also works fine on X11, also).

I guess one problem is that the capability of touchpads really varies. Not all of them support recognizing multiple touch points for example.

And the original UX issue is much easier solved by bringing a mouse with your laptop.

> And the original UX issue is much easier solved by bringing a mouse with your laptop.

... or using an Apple laptop. The one thing they haven't broken yet is that their machines are perfectly usable without a mouse.

Of course, the argument is weakening with every recent OS release, since they try to make it useless in other ways.

I think the big issue is that the user doesn't have a choice in many cases. Windows obviously doesn't give the user a choice, they made the start menu much shittier and you had to live with it or go away. Popular distributions like Ubuntu also focus on one desktop environment, and it's often not easy to switch (it's possible of course, but at least when I tried it a long time ago just installing a different desktop wasn't enough).

Making it easier to choose allows for much more experimentation. I'm using Niri right now, which certainly isn't something you can just give users as a default.

> Windows obviously doesn't give the user a choice, they made the start menu much shittier and you had to live with it or go away

That's obviously wrong, you could install an alternative start menu and stay where you are

People from outside the tech community also do not like things changing, they just do not have the same choices or have the same voice. I have come across people who use old versions of Windows because they do not like UI changes, but they cannot do it forever, and they not have another choice.

I remember a lot of systems were still using DOS into the XP era, because it worked so why change it?

The internet is what changed this - you have to keep up with the other systems you're communicating with.

> Yeah, this can be a little extreme, and I feel we can benefit from being a little more open to trying new things.

Sure, sometimes, when we have the time and surplus to deal with changes to things that already work well enough, and are not essential to doing our actual job.

That should be something you can opt in to.

Changing things for someone who's actually doing real work on top of the existing setup, is an undesired hurdle.

People are change-averse because they've been taught that change is costly, and they completely rationally ask "what's in it for me?". You want them to buy in to the change, you better give a good answer to that, one which is a more than negligible benefit in a few cases that the user may not care about. "Good enough" is good _enough_, it doesn't _need_ changes. Any change has to pay for its own retraining cost, in time and mental effort, otherwise it's a net negative for that user.

Being change-averse is the rational default behavior. Ignoring that, or even belittling it, is disrespecting your users.

Man, there have been so many cool ideas for the Linux desktop in the past, and somehow none of them worked out or were polished into a usable state. Some things I remember: * I think at one point Canonical tried to have a cool personal data sync with Ubuntu One using CouchDB which would have synced all your data between devices directly, not using a cloud? * KDE 4 tired to have everything be a plasmoid (widget)? You could drag contacts to your desktop? But now we mostly have panels and tray popups again * Similar, things like Evolution data server or Akonadi or Telepathy which promised to implement the "backend" for services like email, calendar and chat once and then you could integrate custom UIs into many apps and places in the desktop with a synchronized view (chat with a contact in your email programm? write a calendar appointment from you chat app that your friend sent you?) * Maemo on the N900 had one contact list which served both SMS, Skype and XMPP and starting a chat using any one of those would get you to the same app/interface, same for the call, all happening in a single interface.

That is really the direction of "UX" I'm interested in. Not so much about where to display what, but to make my computing device feel less like an accumulation of applications and data, but to have a more integrated experience, ideally even across devices. My laptop and phone barely talk to each other and the user account on each device is distinct, so sharing resources already fails on authentication not being solved.

I think open source is in a unique position to actually provide a much better UX than any proprietary computing environment, since it's not tied to a single company trying to sell you stuff. Gnome and KDE don't care where you store your emails or calendar, they don't want to upsell you into their cloud storage. Open source is free to integrate the best services in a way that has the best UX and it can even do things like sync directly between your devices, because it doesn't need to generate new business opportunities.

I like your ideas. Why not try to build it? You seem to know what you want. If you do, I'll definitely follow your work.

100% agree, bring back LAN messenger, and p2p 'things'. I remember when Opera browser had the 'fridge' which was cool as well (Opera Unite).

Theres definitely ideas here worth exploring for sure.

KDE Connect is a great program in this regard, allowing you to share all kinds of things, including contacts or clipboard contents, between connected devices.

KDE Connect is great. It just does all the little sync tasks between devices on the same network - like I assume Apple devices do - and I mean all of them. Want to transfer a file, or clipboard contents? It does that. Read battery level? It does that. Read SMS on your laptop? It does that. It even does remote input. Every feature separately optional to enable, and only between explicitly paired devices, of course.

I think we could get a long way toward Scott's "working memory" ask by just making a smarter Clipboard Manager.

Many people don't use a clipboard manager at all, and even what exists today would be a huge upgrade for anyone accustomed to only a single clipboard "slot" that's instantly overwritten the next time you copy anything. Windows has one built in (though turned off by default), KDE Plasma ships with one, MacOS has third-party ones IIUC (not a Mac myself).

But imagine a clipboard manager that wherever you hit Ctrl+C also simply grabs the title of the active window and a deep link/URI that points to the cursor's current location (if a browser then it would be a URL, if a local program then some kind of local file:// URI). If you want to be really fancy, snap a screenshot too (maybe make this opt-in both for privacy and screenshot storage size concerns).

Then, whenever you pull up your clipboard history, a) it reminds you where you grabbed whatever text or image or document etc. that is, and b) with one click you can navigate back there.

I think we might get something like half of what Scott is talking about with "working memory" by adding this one affordance to existing clipboard history paradigms.

Agreed, I often see colleagues on screenshare using notepad as their clipboard manager and it's painful.

I have done that to force the clipboard to be plain text only and prevent "smart" applications from messing up the formatting of whatever I'm pasting to.

There are apps, eg puretext on windows to clean formatting, if you are in an env where you can install them.

FYI, macOS 26 Tahoe introduced a first-party clipboard manager too. Official docs are at https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/search-your-clipboa... and a more detailed guide is at https://www.cultofmac.com/how-to/mac-clipboard-history#enabl....

The article also links to the video recording of the actual talk. I usually prefer text, but video might be a better medium for conveying these ideas: https://media.ccc.de/v/kde2026-7-are_we_really_going_to_use_...

(link timestamped to 29min, where the demo starts.)

The demo (from minute 29) is really cool.

Was looking for this.

5 minutes into this I realized that I would much rather just watch the original video.

While the text doesn't appear to be AI generated, it feels very similar to the meeting digest created by Microsoft Copilot. They are ok if I am in a hurry or just want to look something up, but I avoid them for high quality talk.

I think we need a more radical change: dissolve apps into the operating system.

Many of my frustrations today come from the sharp line between apps and OS. Apps have custom storage formats, custom UIs, and custom settings, and that makes it difficult for a user to deal with their data holistically. Even something as trivial as searching across all my data is not a solved problem, and that's because every app has a different way of representing data.

But what is an app? An app is just a UX/UI on top of a data model with domain-specific rules for transforming that data. What if we could decompose those pieces: the UX is just a custom control; the data model can be represented by a standard database; the domain-specific rules can be a headless component.

The decomposition gives the user more control: all my data is in a standard database. I can drive headless components via script or agents. And I can compose my UX based on my preferences instead of how the app decided to package it.

Are you suggesting that apps should be part of Linux, the desktop environment, or something else?

The solution here is interchange formats. These do exist but are generally never _that_ succesful because vendors of apps have to be differentiated in some way.

There are tons of examples of this, Blender cant open Maya or 3dsmax projects, because each vendor has their own differentiating features, their USPs and they have not zero, but negative incentive to help competing Apps easily support them. So we land in some middle ground where FBX or OBJ and JPG and BMP are widely supported and are the formats we can interchange between apps.

I think with all due respect what you are asking for is an impossible goal because it would require complete central co-ordination, which would remove competition and innovation, and I'm not even talking about this in a capitalist vs socialist economic frame, just in the co-ordination sense, how does the precise data model get decided, who does it and how long does it take for me to get my experimental dog poop tracking app approved and folded into the unified model? Forget about dogs I'm tracking ant movements and reproduction across seasons while recording moisture levels within the colony, does this central database have a schema for that already? if not, how can I get it in , and what if someone else was working on a similar app but was tracking reproduction of the ant colony with relation to nutrient levels and soil composition.

Strict global co-ordination is not possible, fundamentally, there is endless examples of this at whatever level you want to look at.

BeOS did the whole "filesystem is a database" thing that was pretty cool[0].

I think AS/400 does a similar thing, but I don't know a lot about it. PICK OS was also similar.

[0] https://birdhouse.org/beos/byte/24-scripting_the_bfs/

Agreed! That was also one of the original goals of WinFS in Longhorn, but I wonder if it was just too early. The original problem with WinFS is that it was too slow, but that was before SSDs and several Moore doublings ago.

Possibly too early, or possibly too ambitious. Looking at the Wikipedia article[0], it feels like it was definitely too ambitious. The design seems to have everything that you'd expect out of a full-blown relational database.

BeOS feels more like a document database - no defined schema, just attributes attached to your files.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinFS

that's because it was a full blown relational database - it literally shipped with a desktop variant of SQL server (MSDE) and the WinFS bits were implemented in .NET on top of that.

I recall installing the WinFS beta 1 release and suddenly the winfs-related background processes were eating up 150MB+ of RAM at a minimum, even with no stores created or files indexed - when machines back in 2005 had 512MB of memory that's actually a lot for what is supposed to be a background service.

Windows XP back then only needed 128MB of ram to run. they made a mistake in not building it on top of something akin to sqlite - hell they could've implemented maybe 70% of what they shipped in beta 1 with just sqlite alone.

I would replace the start menu with a Raycast clone. Most people want to open files, ask a question or run an app they know the name of, not scroll a list of things they might never use. If you add in semantic search users don't even need to know the app name.

It's also a perfect use for local System One models that can classify prompts and forward them to the right module - calculator for math, distrobox for shell commands, LLM for natural language questions and normal search for everything else. Not using a fixed classifier because plugins should be able to add their own question types.

The article mentioned WinFS and relational filesystems. That's another good idea, integrate metadata so you can support use cases like finding all pictures of your dog or all playlists with Ed Sheeran songs (to remove them). Everything bound to the file entries instead of ID3 tags inside the file or app specific databases. It would be a lot more reliable and probably faster.

IIRC bcachefs is already a relational database but I don't know how good the query APIs are. If we can't do full extendable tags then at least add user defined groups/tags like Work and Games and Photos to make finding things easier. People remember what a file is better than where it's stored.

Good suggestions yes. Strong ideas. Ultimately the desktop has been content to let the apps take over more and more, while not extending itself. Actually making the OS something that actual activity happens on feels absolutely essential. Making a Raycast/Vicinae (the pretty great open source port) integral feels like it would go a long way towards this end, of offering a consistent way to expose & access the toolbox.

I'd love to see an agentic OS where the OS and apps can both talk in terms of MCP things like resources, tools, skills. Yes these are primarily geared towards agents, but they are also acceptable machine-to-machine interfaces to script against too (so long as the type signature remains compatible).

Android's Intents feel related, similar-ish. It's a pity no one bit on PK's WebIntents. That could have been an interesting way to create abstractions for intents, for activities, for stuff happening on the computer. Notably the xopc actually had activities and a journal that let apps contribute meaningful intent to the OS as a whole. But mostly it just ended up as a history viewer there. Android mostly uses intents as a launcher. But this idea of having the activities of the system as available abstractions could go much further.

> I would replace the start menu with a Raycast clone. Most people want to open files, ask a question or run an app they know the name of, not scroll a list of things they might never use. If you add in semantic search users don't even need to know the app name.

So I’m looking at the Raycast web site, and aside from the UI being a little different, Raycast seems like it is itself a clone of the already long-existing KDE Plasma start menu (Kickoff) and KRunner? I guess the only thing missing from the KDE one is “AI”. Is there something I am missing about how Raycast is some innovation not already realised in the Linux desktop?

> If we can't do full extendable tags then at least add user defined groups/tags like Work and Games and Photos to make finding things easier. People remember what a file is better than where it's stored.

Extended attributes[0] already exist if you want. But, as the linked wiki page indicates, filesystem attributes are fragile. And what is the tangible benefit? In practice, users can already just dump all their files into a random directory and use Baloo or whatever. Which is probably better anyway since it’s easier to have a D-Bus API with multiple user-space implementations than having to wipe and reformat to use a different filesystem if you have some problem with it.

[0] https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Extended_attributes

Raycast is successful because it's an incredibly widely used and adopted integration layer. The official repo has thousands of plugins, pretty well maintained together, collectively, and there are thousands more out there. https://github.com/raycast/extensions/tree/main/extensions

KDE krunner has plugins. But there is not afaik a big tent ownership system like Raycast. And krunner is only going to attract KDE users. Raycast is mainly mac, but also, there's Vicinae which runs on a lot more systems, and it can run >50% of the Raycast plugins without a sweat, is designed to be drop in compatible.

It's also absurdly easy to write Raycast extensions. It uses web platform technologies that "just work", that don't have ornery toolchains and need lots of dev libraries installed. With KRunner you can probably use whatever library you want to do whatever you want, which is good, but hard, where-as with Raycast there's a pretty comprehensive and powerful API that offers a ton, that is well defined, and that other plugins will show you the way on. https://developers.raycast.com/

And it's a 3rd party app that can pull the rug anytime without any consequence.

Vicinae works great and is compatible with most plugins, ye FUD grump. It's what I use every day!

My issue is with closed source launchers

Yes, first party owners never pulled the rug from under your OS extension, it's constitutionally prohibited

Good thing about open source is there are always forks.

Bad thing is there are never enough resources to maintain them

Not the point is it? You're still not bound to a entities control.

"I refuse to use AI, can somebody version bump this JSON file for me?!"

Raycast is krunner but with better UI, more features and more flexibility from plugin.

KRunner also has plugins, Gnome Also has search extensions, without depending on a 3rd party app that might pull the rug anytime.

The AI features arrived with the recent v2 release. Raycast originally became popular as a better Spotlight replacement. As you can see, the idea was never entirely original, since Apple and other apps already offered many of the same features. Raycast’s strengths are its extensibility, lightweight design, speed, and excellent UI/UX. It’s a well-polished app.

That was Raycast v1, though. I don’t like the direction they’ve taken with v2, so I uninstalled it and switched to Tinycast.

Last thing I would want AI running on my desk and doing unpredictable things. I love my silly simple Gnome desk or barebones i3 with everything mapped to my preference.

I can search and enter my search, and expect same results everytime, so muscle memory friendly. Gnome's search does calculation in search just fine, or search files, no need of any models. And app can provide their own search endpoint that gnome uses, to search in the app. Repetable, simple, and light.

Its boring, but hey, your everyday thing that is your starting point of the day do not need random behavior, or getting dependent on some 3rd party app that suddenly pulls the rug from under you.

This everything AI is so tiring.

> not scroll a list of things they might never use.

Why would that be the case when you can have a no-scrolling-required list of apps you actually use?

People have different ideas of what's good UX, because everybody comes from their own tradition of using desktops. Some people don't see anything wrong worth evolving from with mouse, point, click. The kind of thinking from the article, from someone that only worked on big companies, is the thinking from someone looking for the next big product, which I look with suspicion. At some point this stops being about good UX and starts being about a good product that makes good profit.

True revolution in UX will come from making customisation accessible, so everyone can decide what's best for them without losing their minds in endless customisation rabbit holes or having to rely on big and clumsy organizations.

True revolution in UX will come from making customisation accessible

...like it was back in the days when Windows actually had a very customisable UI[1], and then the "skinnable" UIs of the early 2000s (most of which were extremely gaudy, but then again, maybe that was what the majority of the population wanted.) Now it has devolved into little more than this: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/experience/perso...

[1] and one of the included color schemes was indeed crazy, but a good demonstration of what was available: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46247605

Hot Dog Stand is really illustrative of the change in attitude. Previously: "It's your computer, of course you're allowed to make it look ugly." Now: "It's our computer, that's not on brand."

Hot Dog Stand is mostly a reminder of how important a good name is.

https://www.pcgamer.com/software/windows/windows-3-1-include...

It's sad but it's the expected evolution of any closer for-profit system

The difference between big-company and FLOSS UX design, including profit-motivated behaviors (a bit indirectly, but it's definitely there), is specifically addressed in the article, so I don't think that's a very fair characterization.

I actually agree about customization, but that's only part of it, and seems to be pretty orthogonal to what the article is talking about. You can only customize to features that are actually implemented by the system, and coming up with those seems like the harder problem.

I hope I'm mistaken with my unfair characterization, but until I'm proven wrong I'll take these addresses as suggestions rather than core principles.

> You can only customize to features that are actually implemented by the system

> (Customisation) is only part of it, and seems to be pretty orthogonal to what the article is talking about

It's not orthogonal because implementation without ergonomics is meaningless, which is what customization accessibility is all about. It needs to be a core design focus on the end user and not some obscure API only maybe Redhat will use to implement business support.

We have lots to work on already. Hyprland on archlinux is crazy customizable, but it's a far cry from what we should expect from a customizable and accessible system intended for a more mainstream audience.

> True revolution in UX will come from making customisation accessible,

just like 20 years ago.

"SW version 2028.01: Look man, i just discovered fire. SW version 2029.05: Look man, i just invented the wheel."

Will the same fire and wheel that worked 20 years ago continue to work now? If not we have no choice but reinvent them in our terms. Or keep eating from the trash can, there is no shame in that, at the end of the day you just need to get work done.

I actually think there's some awesome UX innovation in the world of Linux. In fact, one of the things I love and appreciate about Linux, is that there's such a variety of what the desktop could be. I personally use Elementary OS, which is very polished and reliable, but very much not trying to innovate how a desktop environment fundamentally works.

But for those who want to experiment, I've seen: - Tiling window managers (I3, Awesome, etc) - Highly customizable panels and launchers (Rofi, Lemonbar, etc) - Scrolling window managers (Nori, and others I think)

Honestly, the linux desktop has a lot of criticisms you could level at it, but lack of innovation isn't one. Where Windows and Mac have agreed on a standard that hasn't changed much in the last 10 years, Linux has about a zillion different visions for what a desktop can be.

One of the main problems with UX in my opinion is that someone arrives, sees a problem in their own eyes, and try to make changes and impose their views on everyone. Because a lot of that is personal preference, taste, habits, ability, and so on. You can't have a one size fits all solution. If you try you end up discovering that there are many dimensions and that people are scattered around in the space. And either you try to remove dimensions, and yay suddenly you have a one-size-fits-all solution but only because you removed choice (Google is a big offender in that regard), or you realize that you have no right to impose your views, get more humble, and propose a new solution, expanding the choice of others (but that is rare).

The problem, in my opinion, isn't that they "do", but they "can". Once the windowing system gave up control, it disempowered the user. For example, allowing apps to change the window chrome. For me that was basically the end of usability of WIMP. We no longer have a strong separation of concerns. we need that back, and we need the user to be in charge of the behavior of the windowing system. my strong preference, for example, is that I cannot interact with any window that doesn't have focus until I give it focus. At some point in the last 20 years, that standard was broken, and I have been stuck ever since accidentally doing things to windows that don't have focus.

You need that to do drag and drop with one mouse-down and one mouse-up.

Given that, the designer can decide if that’s an exception and everything else requires click-to-focus before being interactive, or to use focus-follows-mouse. People really seem to have individual preferences on this, so there’s no one right answer.

Some window managers let you configure that. Tiling WMs in particular are better for that kind of thing, IMO.

I don’t think the “desktop metaphor” is particularly important or useful. It seems more like a gimmick to help people who’ve never used a computer before have something concrete to cling to. If you take away the desktop, tiling WMs are a natural place to end up. (Not that you can’t have a desktop with icons etc. in a tiling WM, but it loses a lot of its significance and isn’t really needed.)

I think this is why FVWM is around for so long, OpenBSD even still ships it as the default. The configuration is painful but every tiny thing can be adapted. I stopped using it though because other DEs were more actively maintained and so much quicker to configure.

Considering the base version of fvwm is no longer supported by anyone on planet Earth, it's there because it's deraad's preference, and that's fine.

Newer versions are available in ports.

It's important to remember that fvwm is customisable so it doesn't need to look dated. Given enough time, it's possible to have an environment which suits the individual just fine.

In the wayland world, this is carried over to: https://cow-wm.codeberg.page/cow/

https://www.eclipse.org/articles/Article-UI-Guidelines/Conte...

In 2004, the Eclipse IDE established consistent UI guidelines, built upon a cross-platform GUI library. API desgin is great, Looks and feels robust. The future of desktop GUIs looked bright. Little did we know that 25 years later it would turn out to be such a disaster.

Care to elaborate? How is eclipse a disaster, and how does that pertain to pushing new ideas for an OS?

I'd assume "disaster" refers to "future of desktop GUIs", not to Eclipse.

Eclipse is also a disaster internally though, it's not CADT but it's extreme loose coupling, everything setting observers on everything else and keeping its own mirror copy of the data up to date with no idea of the context they'll run in, and if the updates arrive out of order you get state desyncs, and sometimes you get deadlocks because nobody really knows what's calling what, so you can't have a lock hierarchy.

It's been a week that Valve has started shipped KDE in a VR headset running Linux.

Meanwhile it's been years since KDE Connect allows devices to talk to each, sending SMS on desktop from phone, pausing phone podcast from desktop, sharing files from XR headset to desktop, etc.

A lot could be improved but the modern open-source desktop is already doing great.

Please don't, or more specifically, don't force this on me. I'm trying to get work done, and the last thing I need is to learn an entire new desktop paradigm because CADT. As it is, any time I'm forced to interact with GNOME 3 I want to rip my eyeballs out. If I'm setting up a desktop, Cinnamon for fat systems or XFCE for lean ones do wonders for my sanity.

Have been using Xfce for some time now on Ubuntu, but for my Debian installation I wanted to try something else. Gnome 3 looks good, but it's just too annoying to work with. I liked Ubuntu Mate, but Mate on Debian just wasn't for me. KDE sounds like a contender also, but my quick test installation gave me too much Windows vibes. Your comment is the final straw for me: I'm going to check Cinnamon out. Thanks.

If GUI designers want to modernize something, this always scares me, because usually for me that meant that things got worse or randomly changed without improvement (which is bad enough).

Still, I do think that it is possible to improve things. I would like to have the UNIX philospopy of simple tools that interoperate translate GUI tools. And then I want a networked window system where programs can interoperate across machines and where windows can moved between them. I want to move the window from my cell phone to my desktop and then drag a file from my camera into an email, etc. X can do this in principle, but these capabilities where never really exploited by the Linux desktop. The always just tried to copy MacOS which is a bit sad.

The Linux desktop does need work, but it's not 100% up to speed yet, either. The ultimate UX can be found when the user has 100% control over the experience and we aren't there yet. Wayland won't allow window size/position to be remembered between sessions and too many UX designers think the desktop is just a big phone. Yes, we need work on UX and the first step should be to get Wayland to allow the user the same flexibility we enjoyed with X11. Using Linux with multiple screens means reverting to X11 just to keep from going nuts.

> Wayland won't allow window size/position to be remembered between sessions

It's not on the program itself to restore its position, but on the compositor, who has every right and control to do just that. AFAIK it does work in plasma Wayland.

That sounds great, but I don't fully agree... IMO a compositor should be able to provide a data structure (unchangeable, mostly or fully opaque) that the app can save/restore across sessions.

I don't get how that would work.

You'd ask for your window positioning data on close and restore it on open.

But then what's the point, what do you do with it that the compositor can't?

Then instead have stable window IDs so the compositor can do its job properly - there is absolutely no need to self-position and outside of certain privileged apps I absolutely don't want random programs to move their windows around.

Stable window IDs? Are you gonna use the document path and the panel number or something?

I wasn't aware of this proposal, but I pretty much nailed it and though of the same thing: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49836487

That's the problem. The compositor can't reliably distinguish windows, and it definitely doesn't know when the data should be deleted in case the same window never opens again.

The session restore protocol requires the client to tag its windows with a string. See https://wayland.app/protocols/wayland-protocols/18#xdg_sessi... for details.

Most people are not remotely concerned about having "100% control over the experience". They want something reliable and understandable.

Only a relatively small subset of tech enthusiasts want to tweak everything, and there are PLENTY of options for those people.

Douglas Englebart once mentioned that with tools we'll be using for the rest of our lives, most learning curves (even the steep ones) are going to be "worth it" as long they are accompanied by a proportionally steep increase in power. Meanwhile, the average UX person's idea of "modernizing" -- more often than not -- boils down to flattening learning curves. If anything, the UX world's use of the word "modernize" as a synonym for "improve" betrays their philosophical bankruptcy.

If Englebart was right, then the open source desktop is already light-years ahead. It is the only place that provides the option to pick, choose, mix, match, & experiment. That, and the steep-curve GUI needed in one line of work may end up being entirely different from the steep-curve GUI needed in another. The move to "unify" desktop & mobile in the browsers & window managers (free or proprietary) is a glaring example of how one one size does not fit all. I cannot tell you how many people outside of our circle still mourn the loss of scrollbars.

"Focus follows mouse" is what I use to keep the file manager from popping up when click-dragging files.

The biggest problem with UX developers is they know better than you AND force you into their paradigm. They came on the scene and decided "Choice is Bad" coupled with "Our way or the highway".

I've decided to be frozen in time with MATE (basically gnome 2). I have problems with it, but I've realized I don't want to be hit with surprise! on upgrades.

Yes but also no. You don’t get to demand modernisation while also poo-pooing a whole discipline of research (UX) and one very important tenant of the book of UX practices is not confuse the hell out of your users with toggles and options and dropdowns for every single visual aid.

I agree that we ought to have more control. But not every control. GUIs SHOULD be opinionated.

I watched the video form of this and it was pretty informative, but I left it not really feeling anything was missing from the current desktop in terms of window management. It’s simple and old enough to be pretty well designed already.

What I do find is really lacking is UX inside of many foss apps. So many of them feel like windows xp programs with toolbars that look like junk drawers.

I mean I'd love if toolbars would stay and people would stop messing with window decorations.

I want boring consistency.

Toolbars themselves aren’t the issue, it’s too much crap dumped in them, especially when it’s a bunch of very rarely used tools.

And especially when it’s multiple layers of toolbars like a 2006 Internet Explorer.

Over the last decade we have seen programs like libreoffice and gimp not really do anything while others like Blender have had massive overhauls pushing the frontier of UI.

> Now, he's trying to convince open-source projects to experiment more and drive the desktop beyond the age-old "windows, icons, menus, pointer" (WIMP) model.

We tried that! It works great on small screens that you poke with your finger. And it made Linus himself switch away from Gnome for a while.

My dream UX would be one with the consistency and customisation of the past. Both Gnome 2 and Win 95 (and 3.1) had title bars of the active window a different color to inactive ones, you could even change the accent color to yellow.

Title bars were much more consistent than now - I don't need individual applications to decide whether they want to put the close button on the left or the right of their custom-styled frame. (To be fair, MacOS is still fairly consistent.) It's like each programmer decided whether their application would use light mode or dark mode rather than leaving the choice up to the user.

This is one of the times when "less is more".

> Jenson theorized that the reason there are so many desktop environments, window managers, and Wayland compositors for Linux—as well as alternative clipboard managers—is because the desktop isn't quite working right for users

And it always will be, because "users" is plural. It is not a defect in the design of the desktop or whatever has "too many" alternatives. The mistake would be to think that "one-desktop-fits-all".

Also, the only good reason to change things is to fix problems. Nobody's really asking for "moar modernity". Starting from design theories is plain wrong. Ask users about their problems first, and the use your design knowledge to analyse and fix them.

> Strategy is another part of UX; understanding who the target user is, and determining what they want. Deciding what is important, and what is not; what will the development team prioritize and what will it ignore? "The fastest way a UX designer can save your team time is to help you say no."

He is not talking about users but customers.

That's how FOSS works: some users find it annoying to have to place and resize their windows manually, so some of them made "tiling window managers". Many Linux DEs also had virtual desktops a million years before Windows because FOSS is made by users, for users.

No, thanks, I require no modernization. I just need stable, but customizable UI, so that I can customize it once and use it my entire life without needing to adopt to new stuff constantly.

I also need an easy backup strategy for it. I want a single file blob somewhere I can throw in Syncthing l, and have it get backed up to the cloud.

configuration.nix is that file for me. I gave up entirely on desktops and panels, and instead use xmonad and dmenu. I've had to adapt to exactly zero change in my ux in ten years. For me, enrichment comes from studying and experimenting, not from adapting every month or two to things that make somebody else feel good about changing.

> stable, but customizable UI,

Which you can't get without modernization because pre-modern solutions don't offer that. But also, what do you do throughout your "entire life" if you want to customize something to do what's not implemented? That's also modernization.

Effectively all you're asking for is a simple opt in so you can change at your own pace

> Which you can't get without modernization

What kind of "modernisation" do you think is necessary for that? XFCE like 12 years ago was already pretty customizable and it remains customizable. Themes, colors, button layouts, some behavior and effects can be changed. XFCE panel allows full customization - I can choose its position, start button logo and text, shortcuts and other elements. It's as flexible as it can be.

XFCE is GTK-based, which is infamous for breaking plugins on some version updates! That includes your panels with "full customization". So you don't have stability, that would require modernization of development practices.

> It's as flexible as it can be

Is it as flexible as allowing users to enable users the OS-wide app interaction ideas described in the blog/video presentation?

Simply implementing the NeXTStep v3.3 look and feel would immediately solve most problems, I think.

I used an actual NeXT workstation for 8 months as my only desktop in the mid 1990s and it was the most integrated and best GUI I’ve ever used.

Have you tried Nextspace? The project is aiming to replicate the look and feel of NeXTSTEP.

Yeah I have; it needs some polishing but it’s good.

Did you ever use OS/2? It wins the crown IMHO because of the object-oriented nature of the Workplace shell. Things like the icons were functional objects that had code and data (and state) owned by them. Also, using Rexx as the scripting engine was a bold and great choice.

I did back in the v2.1 days, but it suffered from needing a bit more RAM and CPU; by the time the Pentium was widespread I had already moved on to Linux. I think in the v3.0 version it got faster and better.

>Scott Jenson has been working on user interfaces (UIs) and user experience (UX) for many years at Apple, Google, and other companies.

Wow, the exact person I don't want designing anything I work with. Go away.

My thoughts exactly. They have some opinions about what looks pleasing, but are happy to sacrifice functionality to do it.

I don't get it, it's simply unsubstantiated. In his talks he literally starts with an explanation that UX is not about looks, and suggests some experimental concepts.

I feel like most HN commenters hold really strong opinions about how their particular preference is superior and come into UI discussions to rant about it instead of actually discussing UI design.

> to rant about it instead of actually discussing UI design.

But _we are discussing UI design_. Once again: fsck you Scott.

Why do i have to disable the second SIM to send an SMS to a local number ? Why Scott ? Why do the button in messages changes shape. I want to send a text message, Scott, not to give Google a sample of my voice. Why Scott ?

I watched the full video and, as with the previous talk, absolutely loved it.

I hope Scott keeps spreading the good word and inspiring others to take different perspectives

I use Niri and love it. I think manually managing windows is a waste of time, and when I watch normal users they usually struggle with this and their desktop is a disaster zone. I never want to go back to that. Tiling window managers are slightly better, but they still require you do window management.

I dunno about this. Haven’t used Niri but it looks like a scroll from 2000 years ago.

And that brings me to books, which haven’t changed all that much in 700 years.

And the desktop metaphor hasn’t changed much either, probably because it’s metaphor for how we do things in the real world: on a desktop with documents and pencils, organized how we want them.

I don’t want my desktop to change in fact all the attempts have largely failed because they don’t model how we as humans work in real life, with a bit of friction and a dash of chaos.

EDIT: the few places I welcomed changes are: (1) snapping windows; (2) well integrated search. Where we can improve I think is multi modalities. For example, “open my taxes document, please” and an AI opens it for me, then I presume to place it myself.

So, my thought is that the paradigm holds and will stand the test of time. Where it will change is: imagine you’re a business exec from the 1950’s and you have workers fetching documents for you, organizing things, and bringing the important parts back. For those important parts, we’ll use the traditional metaphor or some derivation thereof.

So, it will graduate from “desktop” to “office space”. AI agents will occupy their own cubicles. And you’ll be the boss in the corner office with a good view.

What I'm missing from DEs is a "home folder" per virtual desktop. I want to switch to an empty desktop, `cd` into my project folder, and have all commands scoped to that folder.

For example: - New terminal: CWD is set to folder - File search: scoped to this folder - Run commands from launcher: dir contents are suggested as arguments - Command history: scoped to this folder

I wrote dinu[1] a decade ago but integrating with Wayland compositors is a pain (no widely supported "what workspaces are there"), so I gave up a little.

[1]: https://github.com/weltensturm/dinu/tree/dev

One thing I remember fondly from Windows 3.1 times was Dashboard by Starfish software. It was meant to replace Program Manager and was indeed a very good replacement. It offered multiple desktops, taskbar, program organization, but it was very customizable, so if you didn't want, say, taskbar, you could turn it off; same for all other parts. It could be made very compact and with a global shortcut to bring it to front it was truly handy. Very much like a car dashboard; you operated it from muscle memory.

https://winworldpc.com/product/dashboard/30

I was kinda expecting more concrete examples of what could be done rather than just "go experiment" and "take lead", because if I don't have something that actually has a good idea, proper ergonomics and objective improvement, I'll just go back to tiling console windows with auto completed commands.

I liked the rotating 3D menuing system.

It was dismissed as a toy, but I found it very productive.

I use a fluxbox desktop, and don't want, what I consider to be toys, comprising the bling features of gnome and KDE.

I just want a user, text, configurable menu system, with no automatic anything.

To me these calls that "it works don't fix it", just demonstrate how people have almost exclusively used typical M$ and apple desktops, and aren't familiar with the breadth of desktops that are available for a *nix system. (I'm talking about things that don't have anything like a "start bar")

Much can and should be done.

EDIT: I use a 75" 4K TV for my monitor, and have pretty much what he describes in the large monitor part: the applications I'm using in the middle, with data monitors and ancillary applications to the sides. But I also use 8 desktops. One for each general computing activity: browsing, email, document editing, code dev (different projects each on their own desktop), etc.

Another thing that I find amazingly absent in typical computer use: I almost never reboot. My desktop currently is at 460 days of uptime. This isn't an uptime contest, it's the convenience of having a complicated mutil-desktop environment, that I don't have to setup from scratch each day.

> "what would happen if we only designed for large monitors?" What would it unlock if there were desktop designs that ignored laptops and only focused on widescreen monitors?

There's something to this thinking. Large workstation monitors are very much their own thing.

A real example l I've found: Niri (scrolling window manager) is really nice on a laptop but awful on my 6K display. The windows are way too tall, and the induced motion of large windows on a big screen is too much.

Have you tried turning your screen vertical, if it supports that? Way underrated. Instead of useless side space that would make lines too long to read if it was used, you get useful vertical space to display more of a document at once.

That's actually the opposite of my problem. Even in landscape, windows end up way too tall to be useful.

In a traditional floating setup I would have multiple smaller overlapping windows wherever I want them.

Whereas with a tiled/scrolling layout, windows can end up way too big to be useful. It's fine on a laptop though.

I initially used Niri on a laptop and thought it seemed great. Then plugged in my large monitor and realised it was awful there!

I feel we've been there before, I clearly remember the compiz/beryl years: they were not just about bling being added to traditional window manager and desktop environments, new window management paradigms were being experimented with (using 3d walls to stick windows and icons on, circular action menus, etc). Whatever stands to supersede the ubiquitous WIMP paradigm has to come up with substantial gains.

I love KDE to bits and pieces, it's the best desktop I've had the pleasure to use in all my decades of computing.

I am fully behind the idea of continual improvement and experimentation. But if KDE ever decides _yet again_ to tear down and rebuild the whole experience from scratch, I swear, I am going to start paying more attention to the intrusive thoughts of my inner pyromaniac.

Please give me the option to not use the, "Innovations."

I remember Windows trying to look like my smartphone screen a few years back... that was when I switched to Ubuntu!

By a few years, you mean more than ten. Halfway between now and windows XP.

Yes, but time accelerates as you get older... your decade is almost yesterday for me :-)

Time doesn't accelerate. You just have more things to compare to. If I'm 26, XP was the standard when I grew up. If I'm 90, 3/4 of my life was without ubiquitous computers and the whole thing seems like a fad relatively, but it's still lasted for-fucking-ever.

If you find time accelerates it means you are letting yourself repeat the same day over and over, creating no new memories.

The was by far the most common type of comment I saw on this topic on Reddit. Do people think they'll be held at gunpoint?

No, but they think it'll be standard on all major distros and alternatives will be abandoned, and there's precedent for this (systemd, gnome 3).

People don't need to imagine how such change is introduced when they have seen it again and again.

Rarely commented upon: It was Windows, with its horrific mess of user settings and sub-settings panels dating back decades, which introduced the idea of just typing in what setting you were looking for and pulling up a list of relevant panels. That was...kind of smart? If you're not going to actually go through and optimize everything? And then MacOS copied it, VSCode copied it... it became the default way to find whatever you were looking for. Need to fix the way your trackpad is working? Here: Instead of spending an hour digging through the mouse and input and keyboard and trackpad and accessibility and all the drivers for everything you own, just type in "speed". Okay, better.

The problem is that this doesn't really fix the underlying issue, which is the bozo explosion of footguns in the UI itself. In fact, it just papers over all the problems.

A good UI needs to be opinionated. And also, getting rid of cruft is at least if not more important than building any new feature.

This happened earlier, with various power-user programs that had hundreds of settings leading the charge. I think TOAD for Oracle had this feature back in the 00s. Or does `grep .vimrc` count, perhaps?

grep -ir something /etc half a century ago.

No. Huge difference between exact matching and fuzzy search.

Hah. Is there ever a way back? Should this be called the point of no return?

No, a good UI needs to serve the needs and wants of the user - not those of the developer.

No, a good developer needs to anticipate the needs of the user. The ones they didn't even imagine. And then fix the system and take out all the garbage.

Only a narcisist thinks he can adequately anticipate all needs of the user.

ONLY a narcissist? Are you sure? Do you... perhaps... always consider yourself sure?

What about maybe like, a developer who actually talks constantly to their users and spends half the day emailing with them 7 days a week? Would that person maybe not be a narcissist and still be in touch with what their users need? Maybe even capable of anticipating a majority of their needs?

True, megalomaniacs also fit the bill.

Maybe, the correct approach is not 'predict everything' and not 'have users tell you what they need', but something more akin to:

1. have defaults 2. have ways to change defaults 3. have dev actually have an interest in the actual workflow, because while you can anticipate a lot, real use case will carry the day

I played with a 'sound editing software via prompt' the other day, and there was still crazy how much distance there was between 'what i think i want' vs 'what i actually apparently want'.

Two projects that I found brought nice, more incremental changes to the desktop were COSMIC and Omarchy. Both use tiling, COSMIC's mixed tiling+floating workflow is amazing and my new daily driver. I personally don't use Omarchy for a variety of reasons, but I'd love to be able to install its launcher and keyboard integrations.

> He talked about the desktop building blocks, basically the familiar WIMP model plus the desktop clipboard, as the way that users move data around. Expert users can move data around quickly, he said, but there's a problem: the desktop is stateless. He called this the curse of direct manipulation; there is no working memory to the desktop. ""If you copy a few too many things to the clipboard, oh sorry, it's gone"". > > Jenson theorized that the reason there are so many desktop environments, window managers, and Wayland compositors for Linux—as well as alternative clipboard managers—is because the desktop isn't quite working right for users. He thought it was really about working memory: ""How do I manage my data in such a way that I can remember it across all of these things and actually use it."" His perspective shifted to asking ""what would we do to working memory to improve the desktop UX?""

I feel this so much.

I think that there's a "better" windowing system where all of your stuff sticks around way more than it used to. Clipboard history, but also just "oh you have these windows open while working on this task".

People have really leaned into coding harnesses + chat windows as a way of grouping together work. I think there's a more general idea in this space. Don't make me explicitly keep track of things, just hold onto it all for me!

There's some universe where my desktop is basically a Notion-like thing, and I can just throw things into semi-persistent workspaces (that I close out when I'm done). Desktop Environments that make this work nicely will be quite cool IMO

(A simple and dumb version of this is the BeOS "group various windows together, even though they aren't from the same application" stuff. Very cool stuff IMO

KDE has clipboard history, for the record. Persistent across reboots. I can't understand why it's not more prevalent

I think that's clear text somewhere on the disk (I guess SSD these days). Might contain sensitive data, I'm not keen on it.

It removes anything that looks like a password.

Whole drive encryption reduces the risks too.

> Clipboard history, but also just "oh you have these windows open while working on this task".

I feel this. When I first got to learn what a workspace was (in Eclipse, of all things), and I really drilled down into the English meaning of it (I'm Dutch), I thought about exactly what you're describing right now.

Yep.

There's also a thing of wanting "http referer"-style things but at the desktop. I want things that tell me _from where_ I clicked into a page in the browser (like "oh you got here from Slack (at this spot)"

Desktop history, clipboard history... all associated to certain contexts. Would be quite nice IMO

> Don't make me explicitly keep track of things, just hold onto it all for me! > > There's some universe where my desktop is basically a Notion-like thing, and I can just throw things into semi-persistent workspaces (that I close out when I'm done). Desktop Environments that make this work nicely will be quite cool IMO > > (A simple and dumb version of this is the BeOS "group various windows together, even though they aren't from the same application" stuff. Very cool stuff IMO

What you're describing sounds like it has been possible for a long time.

I've been doing it on my Linux desktop for decades. I throw things into workspaces which just ... stay open until I'm done with it. The same windows with the same layout and the same history and state, everything right where I left it. They stick around as long as they need to, which can be weeks, months, even years. I even have some desktops which have stuck around since the 1900s, though they do gradually change and evolve over time.

... and any windows from any program can be grouped together. Grouped into a desktop, or even grouped into a single window frame with tabs.

And nearly everything is automatically logged, so I have detailed history going back well into the past.

This stuff isn't in the big mainstream UIs, but it is at least possible with a bit of work to set it all up.

What does your logging situation in particular look like? Pretty curious to experiment with my idea more deeply

I've got an overview of a lot of it in another thread here... https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49827552

Some of the main parts are:

- Basically never logging out. Everything just stays running.

- Lots of desktops, usually one per project or task or ... whatever grouping makes sense.

- No minimizing windows. No taskbar, tray, dock, etc. Things just stay open, and I change desktops when I want to change to a different project or task or whatever.

- Logging at multiple levels. Like, there's a script which checks the complete session state every 15 seconds, and logs it if it has changed. It's exported as a tree or outline of each desktop, each tab group, and each window... with the title and size+position. Archived daily. That way, if the computer crashes or something, I have a recent snapshot I can restore.

- Also, detailed logging of what I'm doing. Like, every 100ms or so, a daemon checks the title of the focused window. If it has changed, it logs the new title and the timestamp, and how many input events happened since the last log entry. If the time of day changes to a new minute, it logs the number of input events since the last log entry. These logs can then be used for all sorts of useful things. Like analyzing my erratic sleep schedule and predicting when I'll be awake so I can schedule appointments. Or automatic time tracking for billing clients.

- I make sure to put useful info into my window titles, in each program. This makes the logs way more useful.

- Also, whatever other logging is relevant... like zsh history, autojump for getting to oft-used directories easily, a todo list / calendar text file with one heading per day and a list of stuff relevant to that day, a new directory each day for miscellaneous files which are worth saving but don't fit elsewhere, a lot of screenshots, an entire web archiving system to save copies of pages I view, etc.

On a side note... a lot of this stuff is explicitly forbidden in Wayland. It doesn't allow these features to exist, because most of this stuff is viewed as a security risk. So if you're using Wayland, entire categories of useful features are off limits. Their reason is basically "what if a hacker collected data about you? what if a hacker wanted to remotely control your computer?" ... but they ignored the case of "what if the user wants to collect data about themself? what if the user wants to remotely control their own computer?".

So yeah. A lot of my setup only works in X11.

Stateless desktop is a feature. Application state is something I have to mirror in my head to prevent applications from doing unwanted and surprising things.

IMO, even the clipboard metaphor is too much state. We already have the selection highlight, which has the nice benefit of being directly visible. This should be reduced to a single global selection highlight. Then copy and paste can be replaced by "duplicate highlighted selection here", eliminating the possibility of forgetting what's in the paste buffer.

Or drag and drop.

Windows used to let you drop an OLE draggable/clipboardable object into a folder, where it would create a "scrap" file (as in a scrapbook).

Yeah I definitely understand the value of the stateless desktop.

I do think that, for example, the fact that browsers hold history is generally a useful thing, though, right? For me it's less about persisting the application state itself as it is about holding onto metadata for later inspection.

Browser history is state done right because it's not hidden. There's a top-level "History" menu with lots of tools for managing the history.

I do feel like the open-source desktop is probably the *most* modern of the 3 options (Windows, Mac, Linux). The configurations I have seen using hyprland implement a spectacular amount of features that cover different users needs in a way I could only dream of 15 years ago. Smooth animations, customizable workspace navigation, custom quickshell widgets that could do literally whatever you want, integrated side-panels that have things as niche as image board search, and much less niche like AI chat and language translation. This is just me describing illogical impulse dots[1], but that's just 1 configuration, and i didn't even mention all of the features available. My only complaint is that I think the way hyprland manages workspaces is goofy with multi monitor setups.

[1] https://ii.clsty.link/en/

First, a personal note on Finder. In time of OS8, Finder had a unique feature: when displaying the file tree, it could expand multiple branches at the same time. This allowed drag-and-drop copying of files in the same browser window! This was a feature I really missed when moving to MS Windows right around OS10 (X) release... Yeah, Apple used to have attention to detail, but it disappeared much earlier than the first iPhone hit the market...

> NEPOMUK

Oh, how I hated that thing... At the time it was added to Fedora, the support forums were blowing up with complaints and requests to remove it. I've never seen it do anything useful, but it was always at the top of the top (pun intended), if it was still present in the system. Whatever its use case or design goals were, it just was not a good quality program at all. It's a shame that it might have been an interesting direction, if it tanked almost exclusively due to poor execution.

Finally, on the new directions in the desktop features: some do look interesting, like the Canvas thing. On the other hand, it feels like it might be technologically challenging as the concept itself is too open-ended and doesn't have a small and easy to understand model of operation behind it. Well, time will tell. Maybe it will materialize in some way.

I also think it's unfair to say that nothing conceptually new has happened on desktop for 40 years. Tiling managers are definitely deserving of such a description.

I also think that if we are talking about "specializing" on wide screen, then, maybe even more prescient is the problem of multiple screens. A manager that is aware of multiple screens beyond merely duplicating or gluing them together would be a big improvement. I.e. if screens were assigned roles based on expected functionality / received their own character based on what the screen is assigned to display, perhaps, each having their own cursor, or windows stack that don't overlap with the other screen etc.

I love the future shaped by two things: Omarchy and Pop!_OS. Both give two different worlds, one serves classic Win/MacOS style users while another is new-age AI-native system.

Copy Microsoft backward-compatibility focus, Apples aesthetic choices, and media/game-engine API definitions.

Open desktops are like an architect that keeps moving the bathroom doors in a building under perpetual construction. The ecosystem naturally destroys itself every major release cycle, work put into quality of life improvements is lost, and code smell is so terrible people just abandon the projects after it becomes burdensome.

The mistake people make is trying to reason with people about which groups breaking changes take priority. This is why Cinnamon continues to run desktops on systems with broken GPU drivers, and installed as a fail-back GUI plan when Wayland glitches up.

People need to stop telling new users to follow a 15 step CLI tutorial to bring up a broken distribution Desktop. =3

You know... Linux devs are not in this for the money and ux research will only converge on local minima. Linux devs should do what they think and if anyone wants to use it they will. Me personally I've found my Zen with xmonad and emacs and believe the world would be a better place if everything was filed and controlled by simple keystrokes. The user experience is too notch. Always works, stable as a rock, never slows down.

They should make more things like that and not worry too much about the average user. The average user will end up doing whatever capital interests dictate they should

I was at Canonical during the Ubuntu Phone thing, and it was wild to watch that play out. It started out with a bunch of good ideas... but somehow, every last one of those good ideas got overturned and reversed.

Like, "let's put the buttons at the bottom so the user can reach it with their thumb while holding the phone" got turned into "let's put every important button at the top left where it's literally the hardest place on the whole screen for an average user to reach during typical use".

Or, more importantly, it started out as something like... "Debian/Ubuntu has a rich repository of high-quality full-featured battle-tested popular programs curated by community experts, designed by and for users to empower themselves, so lets give users a way to run all those beloved programs on mobile devices". And then it became "let's get rid of the package repository and forbid users from running anything from it, and build a brand new system which is incompatible with everything, and instead has a commercial app store where corps can sell proprietary software and Canonical gets a big cut of each sale, and the OS has only a small set of proof-of-concept placeholder programs, and is designed to restrict the user so corporate partners can have more profit and control".

And then when it didn't work out, the company kinda doubled down on some of the worst parts of it and went all-in on Snappy.

Instead of bringing phones up to the level of a desktop, as promised... the company tried to bring desktops down to the level of a phone. And that trend has been increasingly popular in the corporate Linux world lately... "Androidifying" desktop Linux.

sigh

I'm tired, boss.

I was an Ubuntu user at the time. From an outsider's perspective Ubuntu Touch thing looked so promising... then everything went sideways

From an insider's perspective, the Ubuntu Touch thing looked pretty promising... and then management pushed everything sideways. The regular developers kept trying to fix it and make it good, but then upper management would step in and forbid it. The VP of "Future Engineering" in particular. Lots of stuff was forbidden because it "goes against the vision". So things didn't work, and couldn't be fixed.

The worst was one day at a big sprint... the VP of Business gave an all-hands powerpoint presentation right after the workday ended, with a catered dinner afterward. He looked and spoke like a caricature of an Italian mobster, and spent 45 minutes gleefully explaining exactly how we were going to screw the user to make more profit, by taking control away from the user and giving that control to phone corporations. Like, selling corps the ability to place ads directly onto the user's home screen. He was so excited he was practically vibrating.

Afterward, I just went straight to my hotel room and cried.

Eventually, the phone project was cancelled because it had failed pretty spectacularly, for exactly the reasons everyone said it would... and upper management laid off nearly the entire Ubuntu Engineering business unit, about a third or a quarter of the company. The people in charge had decided the problem wasn't a bad design... it was just all those uppity devs who wouldn't follow orders. They kept the managers who were responsible for making it fail, and got rid of all the devs who tried to warn management that the "vision" was broken.

At least sabdfl seemed somewhat aware of the situation... aware of how bad it was. A day or two beforehand, he started the day by giving everyone a pep talk. The talk was pretty somber, talking about how we were supposed to have a mature product to launch by now, but instead we were cancelling the launch and hoping for an optimistic scenario where some tech magazines would at least say it "showed potential". The best case scenario he could muster for the team's motivation was ... we might get a couple reviews stating that it could eventually be good someday, with enough work.

Jeez that's sad. Thank you for sharing, I appreciate it

There have only been two changes I experienced in the past decades that felt meaningful:

(1) Removing the mouse from as many workflows as possible

(2) Switching to a tiling window manager, in my case i3

Everything else has just been various ways of shuffling things around with no benefit to anyone.

we are not the target audience.

there are living and breathing people who say no to the offer of "do you want an adblocker?", because installing things is scary. even if you offer to do it for them. no. they have something that is held together by the gracious whimsy of the iGoogle deity, and they are in a constant state of bewilderment when it comes to "technology".

Who is offering the adblocker? It's relevant.

I want something like Os/2 Warp. Something with a design principle other than “make it look slick and hide stuff”. Look up CUA too.

> Scott Jenson has been working on user interfaces (UIs) and user experience (UX) for many years at Apple, Google, and other companies. Now, he's trying to convince open-source projects to experiment more and drive the desktop beyond the age-old "windows, icons, menus, pointer" (WIMP) model

Oh, no.

There is already a trend in Open Source for flat interfaces, hidden scrollbars, hamburgers menus without clear ideas what belongs there, gray on gray, UI elements in titlebar with huge padding between the rest of the window.

But anyway, it is good to know a name responsible for everyday crap i have to endure. So a hearthly fsck you Scott Jenson.

Window management (tiling, hot space) is something that could still be improved as noted in the article.

One area where I haven't seen much improvement is in controls. There haven't been any new controls for ages. In the 90's we got the tab control, tree control and spinner. Has the evolution of controls stagnated over the years?

The part where I immediately tune out is A.I. I don't want an A.I. controlling my desktop let alone changing anything on my filesystem. KDE would do well to completely ignore A.I. integration.

> Window management (tiling, hot space) is something that could still be improved as noted in the article.

fvwm is available since the 90's.

What I'd like to see is Applescript 2.0. Applescript was ahead of its time by letting you script the Apple GUI, but it took an actual programming language to do it. Now an AI could do it for people. And also, if the interface was reliable because large numbers of people and AIs were using it, people could hand write programs as well, and they could be integrated into shell scripts, and they could have other things built on top if the layer was reliable.

There's no reason a GUI toolkit couldn't be written to enable a lot of this without the developer having to directly implement it. A lot of this could be done just by creating a default interface for manipulating the UI as a sort of DOM thing, and providing default support for synchronization, which is one of the big killers of trying to script a UI, knowing when a task is actually done and you can safely send the next command. (Or maybe someone implements https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49482709 , which would also as a side effect improve the ability to synchronize for scripting uses as well.)

We've had so many stabs at this over the years, in Applescript, in expect CAD interfaces, in the ideas behind Powershell, in so many places, but in my opinion what has always killed them is the barrier to entry. Now that's gone. Anyone should be able to say "Take this spreadsheet, search for these rows, extract these columns, send them to Photoshop as a text input here, save the result as a PNG and send it to my AI with this prompt, send the result to my printer and tell my accounting software to complete order #blahblah and send the bill" nowadays, except for the fact the desktop system will buck and fight you every inch of the way because it's just not built for this.

Though what will actually happen is AIs will simply get so good at manipulating desktops in general that they beat any possible project like this to the punch. Even so, even an AI would prefer a genuine, guaranteed programmatic interface to a virtual mouse and keyboard, and be more reliable with one, for all the same reasons we would in their position. And it doesn't have to be a big bang, the AIs can use this when it's available and grease it over for programs that can't do this, and it will increase the reliability of the whole pipeline.

Do you mean AppleScript? AppleTalk was their networking protocol.

Sorry, yes. Thank you. Fixed it.

It sounds a lot like VBA/COM/OLE.

Yes, that's one of the swings we've taken at this idea. It had some success offering components, but I don't recall ever being able to use it to drive an app very well. I think I tried to drive Office with it back in the late 90s and it was too buggy to use for anything at all. I don't see any reason why in principle it shouldn't work, and maybe there was a point it did, but historically these APIs decay like crazy because they never attain critical mass.

This is exactly what I don't want.

I like point-and-click GUIs, no tiling, no MacOS style dock that wastes screen space, just the Windows UI without Microsoft! That's why I picked Linux.

I have different ideas about the UI. We don't need the AI and fancy graphics (animations can be limited to showing where an object is moving to, and a setting can be added to control the animation speed including to disable it entirely). Being able to use programs and data together is helpful (something mentioned in the article), and then to be able to use Command, Automation, and Query Language to do queries and batch operations with them as well. You could put multiple data in one file, and include one kind of data in the other one, etc; it is not plain text but is many types of data. I made a repository with some of my ideas about computer and operating system design (this would be a part of improving it, since the existing systems have limits) and would write more in future. UI and UX is not the only issue, but also security and many other things.

I like that this is an active area of consideration. I think there is lots of room for improvement.

But I also think that what we have today in Gnome and KDE is pretty good, and a part of the problem is that people don't realize how good they can be.

I think demo videos showing actual power users doing real work in each of the major DE's would go a long way. Part of the allure of tiling VM's is that they are an efficient way to work for certain types of users, but part of it is that those users are advocates and have impressive demo videos showing exactly how tiling VM's can be awesome, while a Gnome or KDE user is left to kind of figure it out, or worse, discover how they differ from a familiar windows or macos.

(I may be unaware of a great source of exactly what I ask for and if so please tell me!)

I think he's bang on with his observation that overlapping windows are a relic.

My wife, whose technical level leans her towards wanting to replace her mac mini when a VPN that she'd installed and then disabled left hostile firewall rules in place ("the internet is flaky on this computer"), is jealous of the tiling setup on my desktop (was hyprland; now sway with a custom dwindle layout). I think tiling has an audience beyond nerds, but I think nobody (perhaps with the exception of omarchy) has made a serious attempt at packaging it in a way that's accessible to business/productivity users. KDE's tiling attempts were, at least last time that I checked, somewhat bolted on and half-assed. I wish omarchy success in de-vibing their codebase, but it would be great to have some serious competition in the space.

The iPad offered only tiling till about 3.5 years ago, and tiling is still available as an option in Settings.

And some people connect their iPad to a full-size monitor, keyboard and mouse and use it as their main desktop machine.

Fair - I used one only briefly when they first came out. Are there any serious attempts on desktop that I'm overlooking?

> overlapping windows are a relic.

I hope not. I've tried tiling and I just don't like it. I may be in the minority these days, and it may simply be my forty years of use patterns, but you'll have to take my overlapping windows from my cold, dead hands.

Fair, but is it possible you've tried it on a setup that wasn't done particularly well?

> overlapping windows are a relic.

> it may simply be my forty years of use patterns

Those two statements are perfectly consistent with each other.

Eh… as someone who agrees, I think overlapping windows are a feature, not a bug. Very often a window is transient, in that it’s something I need to give my attention to and once it’s done, it’s gone. In a naive tiling window manager, all windows have to re-tile themselves while the transient window is open, just to then return to their previous layout once it’s done anyway. The ideal interaction in my opinion is for the transient window to simply be “on top really quick” and I can just alt+tab if I need to see what’s underneath it. The degenerate case tiling proponents always point out is that “what if the window you need is obscured” and tbh I just never have that problem? Between a quick alt+tab, or the win+arrow shortcuts doing “tiling-lite” when I need it, I’ve never thought “gee I wish something would figure out a tile layout for all these windows”.

More generally, tiling is what you want when you have a particular layout you like, each window has a reason for existence, and you want them all open and visible at the same time. That constitutes like, 10% of my time using a computer. Mostly I just want “give me a new window, let me do a thing, then it’s gone”, with said new window occupying 100% of my attention while it’s there. Having to carve out space for it in a tile layout (even if the tiling is automatic) just doesn’t make sense with the way I use my machine.

You seem to be framing it as an either-or decision.

> In a naive tiling window manager

Ok, so you're arguing with a straw man. Do you have a point worth trying to understand?

Yikes, that’s a little strong.

A tiling window manager is a lot more useful if it doesn’t always tile, yes. The ones I’ve tried don’t seem to have a graceful way of saying “allow overlapping just this once”, but I’ve only tried a few of them (i3 is the one I remember most. I honestly can’t remember if I tried hyprland. If I did it was probably only for a few minutes.)

Now, you seem to be upset that I don’t “have a point worth trying to understand”, perhaps you can enlighten the class and explain why your tiling window manager of choice does this better? I’ve already described my ideal interaction, so if your WM does this well I’d love to hear about it. As it is right now, you seem to be the one who’s withholding details.

> I think he's bang on with his observation that overlapping windows are a relic.

The paradigm of setting windows on the desktop strategically placed so parts of the title bars or portions of windows that can be clicked without issue are visible can be a really useful one. Combine this with virtual desktops and it works nicely so you don't have one humongous blob of everything but a few strategically placed windows dedicated to one task in each virtual desktop, overlapping so that each window is large enough to use.

I'm not a big fan of tiled windows. I tend to focus on one window at a time and if I am focusing on just one, then a large amount of screen space is wasted.

So please don't just take that away because some dev somewhere is a fan of tiling windows.

You're describing the taskbar

Based on his demos I don't think his statement is that overlapping windows are a relic, more that overlapping windows are a thing people deal with and we need something in between overlapping windows and Expose-style fanouts.

  > He thought that it would be possible to do the things he was demonstrating with Wayland as it is today.

Yeah, with that AND The cooperation and rewrite of every app to actually support usecases like "if dragged to side of screen, get smaller and smaller eventually becoming a widget"

As long as they don't kill the scollbar, let buttons look like buttons, then I'm fine with that. I mean UX guys need to eat, too, right? So they are trying to make new things every X years. I get that. I'm fine with that. Just don't make things worse, alright?

They did kill the scrollbar. As system admin I've seen prople openning settings to change settings I told them to change and they'd tell me the option is not there. I come to their computer and the setting is just below the fold, there is just no line (that is supposed to be scrollbar) if cursor is not in the main pane. I understand the intent not to clutter but if most users still want scrollbars, anot not even the naked ones, but the one with arrows at bottom/top. Windows has been designed toward touchsreens that nobody wants to use (and all my devices had touch, and I never once used touch scroll or other interactions)

Yes that's what I worried about. The first time I use a Macbook, I was so frustrated that I almost threw the thing onto the floor. I admit I probably had mental issues and almost lost control. Just because of the scroll bar.

I think Linux desktop should stay stable and not experiment much. If special users want special desktops, they can do it themselves. Look at where the constant updates and changes have brought Microsoft and Apple, was there an improvement? If you want something new, then make your distro.

I don't see it linked, but the talk is available on YouTube [1].

Scott is a very good presenter, and he clearly thinks about this stuff a lot. I really liked the demo for moving windows to the sides of the screen, since it's kind of how I use the alt-tab interface -- look at the preview for the window/app I'm looking for then tab to it or click on it. Having a visual overview of all currently open windows could be useful to me. (It might actually get me to close things I'm not currently working on! Although my dozens and dozens of browser tabs tell a different story...)

[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7AfAcQwLW0

His ideas about supporting working memory and tuning up operations such as "dragging and dropping from one window to another" are profound.

As a software develop I have numerous web browser windows with tabs, numerous IDE instances with tabs, numerous terminal windows (I avoid tabs but other people love 'em), Slack, Outlook and a few other things. I really want a system-scope panoptic view of all this stuff and a system that has a strong statistical tendency to put the next thing I'm interested in my face and not the opposite tendency which has been the dominant paradigm since GNU emacs and is just as bad in current IDEs.

   > People get angry when they have worked hard to get their desktop environment just as they like it and something changes to disrupt that. "And I get that. As I said before, I don't want to change everything." But the world is changing, "and we need to grow our way gently into some new things."

Here is the core of the problem with this kind of "UX designer" persons. You see the need of the user doesn't matter, the world change so a user that is perfectly happy has to adapt to a change he didn't ask for because otherwise the "UX designer" has no life purpose.

Sadly I think that I saw that too many time the useless and hated change just because things had to change. Like android theme instead if fixing bugs...

This talks about the "desktop" experience. My desktop is a laptop. I don't have a desk or a large external monitor. Tiling window managers don't work for me. I try to keep windows stacked in different virtual desktops, but they're getting pretty crowded. I've got Slack and Signal in one, editor and terminals in another, etc.

I work mostly with remote cloud services or headless servers via VPNs. For the cloud I rely on Firefox over networked X (something that is getting harder to support).

A single-computer desktop is no longer a realistic working environment.

Relevant: GNOME Three Point Zero (ToPaZ) Storyboard (2005) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35488519

I don't like the idea of a big, widely used project with stable and polished UI concepts "pushing forward" design innovation. It risks falling victim to overconfident UX folks who think their ideas will succeed and be loved if people are just forced to use them for a while, and for me, it's a red flag that the article doesn't discuss where this innovation should happen. There are plenty of neophiles among open source users who would love to experience new UI ideas as they're being developed. But the focus seems to be on targeting people who don't want to be guinea pigs:

> The final, particularly strong, objection from the tech community is "don't touch my stuff". People get angry when they have worked hard to get their desktop environment just as they like it and something changes to disrupt that. "And I get that. As I said before, I don't want to change everything." But the world is changing, "and we need to grow our way gently into some new things."

Unproven innovation shouldn't be forced on people who don't want it. It should start by proving itself with people who have an appetite for novelty and opt into experimentation. Winning their interest will be a lower bar anyway, generating better constructive feedback on half-baked ideas, with less risk of backlash. Then, as ideas are improved and vetted, they can work their way into the mainstream.

The fact that they're not describing any such process, and instead announcing that they're coming straight for the "don't touch my stuff" crowd, makes me very wary that they think the hardest part of UI innovation is forcing people to use it against their will until they accept it.

I read the article, but other than just the thrill of creating new ux solutions, why would a OSS dev do it because whatever he does will be copied by someone at the big companies and they won’t get any credit. And that would have happened before AI as well. So it’s easy for someone to try to tell people, hey start experimenting more but someone at Apple will take the credit if their solution is good enough

What I found interesting is desktop ui hasn’t changed much from either a windows layout or Mac layout. Isn’t there any other ui which is as useful as those two? Is there no ongoing research on os ui?

They only superficially look similar but have nothing to do with Windows or MacOS on the feeling

I am not talking about the UX, I am talking about the layout.

no mention of Arcan yet, so I'll throw that in the ring..

https://arcan-fe.com/about/

personally I think we need to shift from the 'file location' paradigm to tagging (thinking xattr).. that will solve many problems with UI (also raise some for sure).

Something I learnt from doing research in this space is that spatial memory is quite powerful, and a hierarchical filesystem taps into that.

Whereas tagging doesn't align as naturally with the human brain in the same way.

But episodic memory (the timeline so to speak) is powerful too. Consider "list all pictures I watched in the last two days". Both are important. Combine it by saying "distribute them on the screen from left to right sorted by how long I looked at it in ascending order".

I think local AI would come in quite handy to tag files and keep the tagging consistent..

I am surprised that Windows doesn't have the mentioned middle-of-name ellipsis. OneCommander uses it, but not Explorer. BitCommander had even smarter trimming prioritizing numbers and words reducing to letter plus dot http://bit-commander.com/GIF/bit-commander-file-name-shorten...

Some nice ideas here!

However, I think it is better to think in terms of open source "desktops" than to think that any UI would be the best for everyone.

I have recently installed Fedora Sway Spin and it's so nice. I did change the configs since I have been using i3/sway for a long time. But otherwise, the default setup is just very sensible.

I guess, the only thing it's missing is an AI agent component, but for now I don't know how to integrate one and trust it that it won't leak my personal data, so I prefer not to mess with that stuff.

I like his ideas about dedicating the center of the monitor to the application you're currently using, and dedicating the edges to a "stash" of your other windows you need quick access to.

I'm a fan of MacOS stage manager (we exist!), which sort of does this, but admittedly it is under baked (it's lacking on keyboard shortcuts, for instance).

When I first met Linux desktop in the nineties, I was blown away - and I was completely convinced that Linux would overtake Windows as the preferred desktop within a few years. Little did I know that what we would end up with was a thousand mediocre variants of it, instead of a few awesome ones.

My own Linux desktop experience peaked with Compiz, and I have been on macOS ever since.

I don’t know man, Linux desktop in the 90s was extremely rough. It wasn’t until the 2000s with KDE 2 (though really 3 IMO) and GNOME 2 that Linux desktop started showing promise. It was then subsequently dragged down with many alternatives and infighting. Personally I think only KDE kept slowly progressing better. I didn’t even like KDE until GNOME 3 pushed me to it. Every now and then I try GNOME 3 to see where it’s at, and just get baffled by the choices they make. Both Windows and Mac also had baffling choices along the way (in terms of desktop UX). Windows more so obviously, but they both would course correct every now and then. GNOME seems laser focused on some desktop UX vision I can’t even begin to understand.

> had not really changed in 20 years. There were plenty of new ideas and improvements in the 1980s and 1990s, "and then it just stabilized, and not much has really changed". But people are doing much more with their computers today

Sure they are doing much more, but very little of it makes much difference to the desktop, surely?

one thing I'll keep on beating the drum on is that microsoft missed an opening with windows 8. WinRT UI was great for mobile, but as noted desktop is different and they tried to force it onto it.

What we need (and to some extent we get in web, i.e. gmail is different based on resolution) is different UIs based on the interface one is using. a single app that can switch between UIs.

I strongly believe the lack of this is why convertibles have remained more of a gimmick than anything else, as in practice you either keep using the app the same way you always did as you switch usages or you use different apps in the the different usage scenarios because they are tailored to that specific usage scenario. Neither are things that really sell the convertible as something with strong usage.

The closest we've gotten is things like DeX on samsung and perhaps what google is rolling out with android.

While I appreciate that there might be some need for Linux to improve its UI a bit, these assertions amount to a basket of vague gripes and grumbles to me. No, UI/UX is not forefront of the Linux experience. No, that's not a problem, because it's quite good enough for most people.

My desktop is already perfect and has been for the last 25 years.

The only problem remaining is Chromium not using the PRIMARY selection, so I have to do a weird Ctrl-Shift-C and Shift-V to it but on the way from Chromium, it's 2 Ctrl-C and Shift-V, because Ctrl-Shift-C inside Chromium opens the Developer Tools.

I just want someone to put the same concepts and ideas of Windows Phone OS (Lumia era) into desktop computer. That's all I desire. A beautiful type-oriented experience. I feels like with the rise of LLMs and Agents could be even bigger than 20 years ago

Please, please don't modernize it anymore, it's already way too much.

Something I am not seeing much discussion about in the article or in the rest of the comments: UX is more than UI. You can have very stable UI and still have significant, targeted UX improvements needed.

Something I find sorely lacking in most modern desktop systems, Linux included, is the performance I expect given the power of the hardware available. Barring that performance increase, better perceived performance through subtle UI changes that elide over waiting moments is nearly as good.

Linux leaves a lot to be desired here. It's easy to bash Windows or Mac, but the performance issues on these systems are often difficult to perceive during normal usage while in Linux it is front and center and harder to understand because Linux is a box of parts.

Good talk.

Even if the desktop turns out to be done though, UX polish like that drag thing is still a good idea. Like why does no major desktop let you just put icons on your desktop the way classic Windows does?

Could be because this promotes a bad UX? In GNOME, you have a dock for your most used applications, which can be launched or navigated to with Super+1/2/3.., there is the apps menu accessible with Super or by clicking the top bar, where you can organize apps as well as search for them. Desktop icons are distracting, and requires you to remove windows obstructing them to access the icons. If every DE just mimicked windows, we wouldn't ever be able to move forward. Though KDE is there for you if you prefer the windows way.

Can you show me the studies that show it's bad UX for the reasons you said?

KDE doesn't let you do it either. You can only put desktop widgets on your KDE desktop.

I don't have a study that I can use as an appeal to authority, so you'll just have to contend with the argument on the basis of it's internal consistency and how much you agree with the premises :)

For what it's worth, I don't use the gnome app drawer either. I exclusively use the dock + search to launch applications, so in my workflow both are actually pointless. I would still argue that opening the app drawer to reach your application shortcuts is easier and more consistent than resizing/minimizing windows to un-obstruct the desktop until you can point and click to launch an application. But I suppose managing folders on your desktop could be viewed as a plus? I'm not sure if GNOME's app menu supports that.

>KDE doesn't let you do it either My bad. I'm not too familiar with KDE.

That's not true. KDE 4 initially went all in on widgets but since then they have brought back the folder view for the entire desktop as an option.

I agree with the other poster that it isn't really a good idea though.

> Like why does no major desktop let you just put icons on your desktop the way classic Windows does?

Because that is a crappy UX where you need to minimize or move windows away to access them.

> He introduced himself as someone who has been doing UX for a long time, much of that time at Google.

Ah, yes… Famously UX-friendly Google apps and services…

But then again this explains a lot KDE is… yeah.

Desktop UI was a problem solved around the time of Windows 95. Contemporary GNOME and KDE versions add eye candy, but aren't more usable than Windows 95 was.

I use a Mac at work and a pc w/vanilla KDE at home. And... I don't feel anything is less good with KDE? If anything I prefer that over modern Mac

Microsoft and Apple as leader dropped the ball. Microsoft's several dozen Windows-related teams dont care about UX (maybe UI). Apple is busy making money and mobile.

It really is currently the time and chance for Linux to finally innovate again.

* Alternatives to tree filesystem UNIX introduced (see WinFS, or how Android/iphone manage it)

* Alterantives to WIMP as discussed, specially for large monitors (37" - like 57")

* Every App should provide a REST API to access its functionality remotely (for AI and data exchange. Think OLE/COM in Windows, but good)

* PLAN9 anyone?

I love reading about how to modernize the open source desktop from a bunch of graybeards on a site that was designed in 1995.

Then try watching the video: https://youtu.be/V7AfAcQwLW0?t=1747

It's linked multiple times in the article, time stamped and everything.

Ironically, the LWN website's look and feel (and the reasoning behind it) perfectly illustrates why this project is doomed.

Ha I reported that drag and drop bug 20 years ago. Windows does it in an even smarter way - it raises the window on mouse-down but only if the target isn't a drag source.

As I recall X11 doesn't really support that at all so there was no way to implement that on Linux. Doing it on mouse up seems sensible though. I couldn't find my bug report but I bet it was met with "I like it broken".

I've avoided that bug throughout more than 20 years of Linux usage just by disabling raise-on-click.

(Except of course the Gnome folks did they utmost to make that option unavailable back in the Gnome 2 days: Metacity's raise-on-click gconf setting was hobbled so that it could only be disabled in focus-follows-mouse mode. That bit of idiocy was patched out years ago, but the obnoxious text that accompanied it survived in Marco until earlier this year!)

> I couldn't find my bug report but I bet it was met with "I like it broken".

Which is an appropriate response when you yourself don't even want to recognize that others might prefer raising on mouse down, e.g. for lower latency in a much more common operation.

Windows does raise on mouse down, in situations where you definitely want that. I'm sorry but it's clearly better.

Is it wrong that I miss the days when GNUstep was put forward as the GUI option by the GNU project?

His UI demos are pretty interesting. I particularly like the idea of his warped desktop and agree that that deserves exploration.

https://media.ccc.de/v/kde2026-7-are_we_really_going_to_use_...

just for context -- watch the video which expresses the ideas really well - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7AfAcQwLW0

this was eye opening, i like the idea of the grouping together stuff on a clipboard

The first thing Linux needs to work on is its permissions system. Traditionally, in Unix, the user is not trusted but the applications are trusted. Nowadays, that's not true anymore. Our smartphones have better permissions systems than our PCs.

Absolutely not. Smart phone permission model is for when you want to run what is basically malware. Linux desktop permission model is for running software that respects the user.

You don't always know beforehand if the software will respect the user.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49675902

I've been using approximately the same desktop setup for ages, and yet, it often still feels like I'm living in the future because mainstream desktops still haven't really adopted some of the best features, and in some ways are moving backward. This is kind of a disorganized laundry list, but ...

For one, the ability to change how the desktop itself works while it's running, without restarting it... modifying the code on the fly. And if I manage to crash the window manager or some other desktop component, easily just restart it without having to log out or restart all the other programs.

And being able to pretty easily run and manage hundreds of windows. Log in, open one desktop for each project, and just leave it running until the project is done. Maybe reboot for upgrades once every year or two, but otherwise no disruptions.

NO DISRUPTIONS. I don't even have the underlying plumbing installed for notifications and stuff like that. They can try to interrupt me, but they'll find those API calls aren't plugged in to anything.

Freely mixing and matching tiled and floating windows, each of which can be its own tab group with multiple arbitrary windows sharing the same frame. Super handy having free-form placement and grouping of absolutely anything.

No minimized windows. No task bar. No icon tray. No desktop full of icons underneath the windows. The entire screen is one big canvas, to be used however you like. If you need more space, just hit a key to open another desktop.

Manage nearly everything with a keyboard. Mouse usable but not required.

Sloppy focus, of course. (i.e. focus follows mouse, but stays focused if mouse "falls out" of a window into empty space) Not click-to-focus. And definitely no raise-on-click or raise-on-focus.

Mouse keys built into the keyboard, for clicking, scrolling, and moving. Mouse warp too, to teleport the cursor, like having two mouse cursors and a key to swap between them.

A full set of launcher hotkeys which are easily configured and managed by making short shell scripts. Like, F1 to F12 run scripts from ~/bin named like "f1" to "f12", and "shift-f1" and "ctrl-f1" and "shift-alt-f1" and "hyper-shift-ctrl-f1", etc... if a script exists, the key is mapped. Ideally just symlink the named key to a program or script with a more descriptive name, like "shift-f3 -> open-todays-journal-in-vim.sh" or something like that. Easy to see exactly what each key does, with a "ls -l" or similar. (can send a normal f1-f12 event by holding Fn and hitting a number key or the two keys next to the numbers, but I barely ever have a reason to)

Network transparency for everything, of course. It's wild that newer desktops have chosen to remove such a useful feature.

Work at my desk with a notebook to either side, all using a single keyboard+mouse... just slide the cursor off one screen and onto the next. Pick up a notebook and move to the living room. Use its keyboard+mouse to control the notebook plus the television, in much the same way... slide the cursor off one screen and onto the next. Pack up and go to a coffee shop. Control the remote home computers from the local notebook, using their running desktop session. Or run programs natively on several remote computers, with the windows all opened together on one desktop on the notebook.

Automate inputs easily, whenever desired. Record and play macros which work in any program.

Configurations revision-controlled and synced across all my devices, privately, without any data leaking to a corporate cloud.

Organize data into a rich set of nested topic directories or project directories, instead of organizing things by file type into places like "~/Pictures", "~/Documents", etc.

But also, a directory for each day, to hold all the other misc stuff which doesn't fit elsewhere. And a key to easily access it.

Shell scripts can easily know what program I'm using in the GUI, and what directory the focused program is working in, so scripts can take context-sensitive actions.

Automatic private logging of what I do, with easy time tracking and arbitrary queries, using simple plain text log files which are small, easy to grep, and easy to build custom tooling around.

Human-readable plain text everywhere. Plain text files are versatile, powerful, portable, compact, timeless, accessible, and future-proofed.

No churn. No need to retool every few years. Long-lived tools which are mature and robust. Maybe not the flashiest or most fashionable tools, but "bells and whistles" and "useful life" are typically at odds with each other.

A rich vocabulary of small, simple tools which each do one thing well... makes for a powerful, expressive world of deep functionality thanks to the power of language. It empowers the user to do anything they can express. But a small set of huge tools, while initially a bit easier, tends to quickly become limiting and stifling.

I think a lot of the "right answers" for interface design have been figured out for a long time. That is not to say new interfaces are bad... but anything which throws out the old battle-tested solutions in favor of something radically different is going to take a long time to reach anywhere near the same level of usefulness.

This all sounds extremely interesting. Could you go into detail about how you've achieved these things?

Bump

It's a lot of stuff accumulated over a long period of time, sort of pieced together... but here are some of the details:

The overall setup is X11 with a Sawfish window manager. X11 provides a lot of cool features like network transparency and automation and generally being wildly flexible. Sawfish is like the Emacs of window managers, written in a flavor of Lisp, and you can literally rewrite its code while it's running. So whenever I want something to work differently... I just find that part of the code, change it, and activate it.

If I manage to crash it, that's fine... Sawfish isn't the outer process for my session. For that, I have my .Xsession just do a simple loop. It keeps running until I touch a file called ~/.xlogout, and can restart the window manager or other tools if necessary.

I pretty much never log out or reboot unless it's time to do a dist-upgrade... which means once every couple years on average. Everything just stays running.

The main limit is that Xorg is usually compiled to use an 8-bit ID for each client, so it can only have 255 clients connected at once, which usually means a limit of 255 windows open at a time. But you can push this a bit using programs which do multiple windows in a single client connection, like "urxvtcd" in rxvt-unicode can have hundreds of terminals sharing just one client slot. I've occasionally had 500+ windows open on a single computer (though this is kind of a bad habit, and I try to keep it under 200).

I configured Sawfish to do soft tiling, and also to do tabbed windowing, and made all of it work via keyboard, including things like moving and resizing windows. Sawfish is also where I implemented the "every flavor of F1-F12" hotkeys thing, and implemented mouse warp, and it already had a lot of things built in like sloppy focus and the ability to add and remove desktops with a keypress.

I added another thing to it to save the contents of every desktop, every window, size and position and title and tab grouping, etc... every 15 seconds or so if it has changed since last time. This gets archived daily. So if the whole system crashes, or if I need to actually log out, or if something bugs out, I can restore things mostly how they were.

A lot of the stuff I don't have, like a task bar, or a desktop notifications system, is simple enough to do by just not installing one or not running any of the relevant programs or services.

As for traditional-ish desktop stuff, there's not much. I set the wallpaper using a small program I made decades ago, which basically just picks a file at random from a big nested directory structure of images I've accumulated over the years. I use a 2D grid style desktop pager in the corner of the screen to see which desktop I'm on, with Hyper+Arrows keys to navigate the grid, but I barely ever look at the widget and it sticks to the bottom stacking layer so other programs are free to draw over it. Similar story for a Conky instance configured in a thin vertical strip with all sorts of realtime system stats and any other info I care to put there. It's a quick, easy way to see what's going on, but I often cover it up and use that space for other things. It's basically just system stats rendered onto the wallpaper.

I mostly use keyboards with open-source firmware like QMK, with a pretty extensive personal keymap tailored to my needs and tastes. I also added some stuff to QMK, like a better MouseKeys motion mode called "inertia" mode, to make mouseless use easier. But on notebooks and legacy keyboards, I can at least use Kanata to get most of the same features.

Macros recording/playback is built into the keyboard, or X11 in general is pretty easy to automate with small programs or shell scripts or even one-liners. Like, with xdotool.

For remote controlling other systems, x2x is great. Ancient program which "just works". Or running remote programs on the local screen, ssh + normal X11 stuff. Or for a full remote desktop, there's VNC (there's a tigervnc xorg extension, and the tigervnc viewer is good too... I patched it to make it handle larger desktops better, and the patches are upstreamed).

(continued in next comment, my post was too long to fit in one comment)

(part 2/2)

I have my dotfiles and other stuff checked into Subversion, with different programs in different modules so I can build each host's config out of a set of modules, and not have to have everything checked out on every host. There's an article about the setup on my site. Git didn't exist at the time, but you could probably do something similar with git submodules. I run a revision control server of sorts in a lxc guest on one of my computers, to make it easy to sync things. Or depending on the nature of what I'm syncing, sometimes "unison" works better, or sometimes "syncthing", or sometimes git + github, or sometimes just rsync.

I have a little python program constantly monitor the title of the focused window, and look for anything which looks like a filesystem path. This gets saved to a ramdisk, like ~/ram/last-dir and ~/ram/focused-window-title, so other programs can use this info for context-sensitive things. Hotkeys which react in different ways in different programs, or always know what directory to work in, or whatever.

I also basically keylog myself, with another little python program I wrote. It monitors the title of the focused window, logs the timestamp when each window was focused, and logs the quantity of input events... but not the actual individual content of keystrokes. So I can tell which window was used when and how active I was, but not exactly what I was typing.

To make these title-based things work better, I make sure to put useful info into my window titles. Zsh is configured to put the command line (so far) into the title, along with the current host and path, or put the finished command line into the title while a program is running. I added a browser extension to put the current URL into the window title. I configured Vim to put useful info into the title. Etc. So the logs are very detailed. This info comes in handy quite often, and is also used for other things like generating a heat map graph of my erratic sleep schedule, and predicting when I'll be awake so I can schedule appointments more easily. Can also easily tell exactly how much time I spent working on pretty much anything, for invoicing clients or working toward productivity goals or whatever.

I've put together several things which work in a daily log directory... like ~/daily/YYYY/MM/DD/ . There's a key to open a shell in today's directory, or open a minimalist filemanager there. I made a screenshot program which saves things there... like, press a key, click or drag to select what I want to save onscreen, then it shows a preview I can edit if I want, and asks for a title, with recent titles available for easy recall or searching or tab completion so I can save a series of images without having to retype the title... and then it saves to a timestamped file in today's dir. Shift+Screenshot to do the whole screen, Ctrl+Screenshot to turn off all controls and just save automatically using the most recent title, Meta+Screenshot if I want to add metadata (like open "hacker-news.2026-09-24_11:59:23.png.md" in Vim to save extra notes). Or any combination of modifiers to combine effects.

And, of course, a nice terminal and shell. I've found rxvt-unicode is lightweight and can run hundreds of terminals with near zero resource use. And zsh is very powerful and customizable. But YMMV, use whatever you like. Build up your own vocabulary of tools over time, and the shell becomes incredibly powerful.

I've had the same $HOME, basically, since I first installed Linux in the 1900s. It occasionally gets moved from one hard drive to another, and now is scattered across an entire network of many hosts, with pretty much everything replicated and synced and backed up... but it's still the same data, collected and curated and organized and optimized over decades. When one's computing environment is stable and built for user empowerment instead of corporate growth... one can really settle in and get everything "just right".

I've also had mostly the same browser session for like 15 years. Even when switching between browsers. The session is much like my $HOME filesystem, just an organized hierarchy of arbitrary stuff, whatever I found useful or notable or worth keeping. At first, I did this using Tabs Outliner in Chrome, but it has degraded over the years and has a lot of the best features paywalled, and it doesn't work on Firefox, and it didn't adapt well to Manifest V3, and it's buggy and unreliable and awkward now... so I made my own replacement. I suck at naming things though, so I just called it "TK's Tree Style Tab Outliner". Still working on the feature to auto-sync between browsers, but at least it can export and import manually and do automatic backups, to make sure data won't be lost.

... which reminds me. It's also very helpful to run Chrome (or Firefox, or whatever) in a memory jail cgroup so it won't grow until it squeezes every other program into swap space. A cgroup like this also makes it easy to pause and unpause the entire browser session so it won't do anything while you're not actively using it. Slow down the memory leaking, reduce CPU use to zero to make the rest of the system run faster and cooler and make the battery last longer, and completely stop data leaking out to corporations while the browser is idle. Yet another thing I made a little script for.

And a ton of other things which didn't even come to mind, because I'm so accustomed to it that I don't even think about it any more.

Most of this is niche and weird and probably has very few users, and took a lot of time to discover and integrate... but a lot of the stuff people want in a desktop is already possible and has been for a long time, if you're willing to look around and try things until you find what works for you. Just try to use systems which are designed to be powerful and flexible, and you'll never hit the ceiling. It may be harder initially, compared to something mainstream, but you'll be able to go a lot farther with it.

Thanks so much for this detailed write-up! It's always enlightening to learn about different setups, especially when they have been painstakingly crafted over multiple decades.

gotta say, I admire a site with a 1999 html style like LWN, having the absolute brass balls to extol the virtues of modern design.

Yo just make Overwatch playable without having to do anything except install the Blizzard app and I'll move over. that simple.

I clicked into this hoping this would be about moving towards proper app isolation rather than make things look pretty stuff (bit of oversimplification).

I mean especially in the age of AI agents, two things are true, first, customizing your desktop, tiling manager, monitoring widgets, shortcut keys, hooking up hand gestures, eye tracking, foot pedals, whatever, to workflows is now so much easier and accessible to completely non-technical users, especially in open source desktop environments.

This is undoubtedly a good thing and many of the responses here are along the lines of 'I like to customize it like this' but I'd bet a lot here also know completely non-technical users who have setup their own weird ass workflows using excel and autohotkey or whatever just to get shit done.

The second thing that is true, is that increasingly we are handing control of apps to AI agents, or even just whole desktops, which is just greaaat (tm). but also incredibly risky since our desktop environments are built on 1970ish era unix multi-user mainframe system design, where one app you install has access to every single other app in the same user space, which is basically root, since you hold everything in one user login anyway. So all it takes is one supply chain attack, one malicious package take over, one zero-day prompt injection against a popular app in a certain segment and then your entire user profile and all your data is exfiltrated.

There are people working on this, Flatpack, Wayland, Fedora. But I think it needs a lot more attention. Android has got this model right for the most part despite the friction it sometimes introduces.

Also I would say this is not just about ai agents thing, but I don't want to install a desktop meme generator program (or pick your thing) and then have it be able to monitor the entire rest of my user profile. This problem existed before AI agents, its just maybe more relevant now.

Imho the fundamental problem is not a problem of the "Desktop" but of the whole application ecosystem.

I want to get some work done: Just as an example, this work consists of reading some email like "pls review this document, and create a presentation in response". I'll follow up the email with an answer and some clarifying questions. Then I'll read the document, making some notes. I'll read some additional documents, google stuff, look up some numbers, do some calculations, make more notes. Then I'll start drafting the presentation, refining it until ready, reading my notes, firing off another email with a few more questions. Then I'll send over the first version of the presentation.

Now all of those things live in different applications. All of those applications might be local file based or web-based. Some can do both. So I could try putting all the relevant files in a folder, holding all the files I need for this task. But wait, when I save an email as a file there, I cannot properly respond to it anymore. It is just a copy of the original email. Same for all the web-based stuff that even allows local copies. If I use hyperlinks, in the URL-as-a-unique-resource sense that was originally intended, I could link it all together in my notes. But many, if not all, modern web applications do not work that way, I cannot really link anything. And even if, most URLs are not stable. If I google something, I'll find a page I can bookmark or copy the URL of, but that page will change. To save the current state of that URL, I'll have to jump through a lot of hoops to maybe get a PDF printout file or something. And changing any document usually overwrites the previous version, so I'll have to do *-copy17.odt or deal with 20 different broken internal mechanisms of "version tracking". I can check everything into git, but then all the applications will have no clue how to deal with it, no proper diff, nothing.

One thing that I actually want was implemented in the first version of PalmOS as a hack: every application could contain links to every other application's content. You could link from a calendar entry to a contact who you wanted to visit. You could link from a contact to a note, detailing your last talk with each other. You could link the note to the last offer you sent the customer. etc. Of course this was rudimentary, but it was a start, which unfortunately died with later versions of PalmOS where those hacks were no longer possible. So for my original example, I want the original email to be annotated with a link to all the files I've created in response, all the web searches I did, etc.

Another thing is the notion of version control, extended to all desktop and web applications. I want to know what I did, when I did it, why I did it, and what related changes go together. I want to see the same thing for all my colleagues. I don't want any "this file conflicts with what your colleague did, which should I overwrite?". I want proper merges. In each application.

The only thing that even comes close to this nowadays is something like Emacs Org-Mode. If you stay strictly in Emacs.

Or is it just that I didn't try enough stuff and there is a real solution?

I understand that issue with version tracking and how it's fundamentally broken. I ran into that issue many times when I worked in a big corporate company. The way it should work is similar to git diffs imo, where when two people edit the user can see both edits. Aside from that what exactly do you mean everything lies in different apps. Do you mean word/PowerPoint/excel/etc all are in different apps and you wish there was one app that does it all or researches emails for you? We're in the age of AI and that's certainly something that exists. I'm working on software myself that attempts to solve many of these issues aside from current version control issues, as those are specifically a ecosystem issue. There's not much a third party can do. Although as far as automated note taking and knowing what you did and when you did it, that's entirely possible in fact I want to add that to my app now.

Edit: You actually inspired me to create a projects portion to my software that specifically adds a lot of this connective tissue that you feel is missing in most software today. As far as version control I can definitely add that as well but it will never solve issues like SharePoint versioning or MS versioning. That unfortunately is an issue MS needs to fix or whatever other ecosystem you work in.

non-paywalled link: https://lwn.net/SubscriberLink/1095425/c466ce1971e0e1df/

I'm sorry, but open source still cannot even do proper desktops correctly. This is the number one reason why I'm on a Mac. You need to have a solid Unix environment in this day and age. Linux just doesn't cut it. Every time you install a fresh copy of Linux and encounter a random bug that drops you back to the terminal, it is precious time wasted. You're never going to get it back. The cost of a Mac is nothing compared to that lost time that you're never going to get back. After all, a computer is a machine. And if you need to get work done with this machine helping you, you cannot be in an environment where your tool is constantly falling apart or fighting you.

Despite this, I still love the open source spirit. It's true freedom becoming more of a privilege for the few these days. I've thought a lot about over the years and i've felt that it has to do with having too many cooks in the pot.

You're just not going to get something cohesive and stable across all the different layers that make up an OS. I call this the Bernie Sanders phenomenon(sorry for non US folks this is just my opinion). I always wondered why we can't get things done in politics here in the US, and it made me realize that we're really optimizing for the lowest common denominator, which isn't great.

But when you have a dictator like situation, the quality of the dictator will dictate the rest of the environment. I think that's sort of how the Apple UX got created. So I don't know if it's even possible to have an open source desktop environment that's cohesive and works across all the layers.

There would just be so much work to be done across Linux as a whole to unify all the different layers and make them more strongly linked with each other to help eliminate the dropping to the terminal. That would certainly improve the desktop experience and make it more cohesive, but it would kill a lot of the spirit of what makes Linux great and competitive in other areas.

Could Linux become ahead of the curve and adopt something that is the next paradigm? I have my doubts. Open source has always been a laggard in this area and at best you get to see experiments but a finished product(thats always one step behind) comes out only after some commercial enterprise has proven it.

There are so many ways in which the desktop experience could be improved, exactly because, as Jensen pointed out, it has basically stagnated since the 90s.

You could basically look at all the ways that UX has advanced on the Web and almost generate a very long TODO list of things to improve on the desktop. I know there are a lot of people here, especially of the Linux using variety, who revile Web UX, but the things most people complain about (privacy concerns, bloat, document vs app platform) happened specifically because desktop UX stopped innovating 30 years ago.

Some personal peeves, all from having to reimplement these things in projects over the years, which is now many projects because I'm now old, so having to do the same things over and over again is getting annoying:

Multiple Document Interfaces used to have built-in support in GUI toolkits. Pro-oriented editing environments like Visual Studio not-Code and Photoshop gave you the ability to have multiple documents open and operate on then on a single application context. While this is a bespoke implementation in those programs now, that's largely because the UI toolkits didn't keep up with newer features like docking, tabbing, etc. Browsers themselves also had to implement bespoke UI for tabbed documents, again for the same reasons. It's shocking how bad this is in VSCode, where certain kinds of sub-Windows can only be put in certain places, but again, that's because they had to do it from scratch. Now, there is no MDI support in the browser at all, you're left implementing it from scratch, and modern GUI toolkits seem to all just try to ape HTML/CSS (not that I think that's a completely terrible approach, but only because The Desktop Toolkit is Stagnant).

With modern large screens, I find myself at a loss for how to use all the screen real estate effectively. Not that I lack for need, but because I can't seem to get everything I want to see into a comfortable position without sacrificing some other thing. Yet, at the same time, I can't seem to fit much in my own application window. This one is more on me for not having too great of design skills, but I think there are some fundamentally difficult issues to solve here since nobody is going to have a 40” laptop. Fundamentally, the issue is one of being too rigidly reliant on the Application Developer to implement such things as MDI and tool layout. We kind of figured that out with responsive designs break-pointing when going to truly small screens on phones, but I think this could be done more automatically if the GUI toolkit was better.

Smartphones, laptops, and desktops aren't the only 3 workspace sizes. There's also the completely borderless, 3D space of the VR home environment. After experiencing Windows Holographic for the first time and experimenting with using a Hololens as a primary compute device (and then drinking away the massive headache), I found a lot of interesting glimmers of how spatial computing could do a lot for people. I really enjoyed having 2D documents mounted on the wall behind my desk, not needing a screen to take up space on my desk. Having a music player app pinned on a specific spot like a HiFi stereo stack just felt so much more comfortable than wearing headphones, and it was so much easier to turn my body to interact with the stereo rather than sift through my window stack to find the music app. Keeping certain app widgets in certain locations around my house (notes on my refrigerator door, Email away from coding) felt very natural and like it was helping me re-establish balance in my work. But it was all for naught as MS killed Windows Holographic and all the other devices are just pushing virtual 2D screens on which unmodified WIMP interface desktop or mobile apps can run.

Handling the myriad of document types bespoke for every application is extremely bothersome. Having only the file extension for any hint at the content type is extremely unreliable and incomplete (there are thousands of known content types not just image/png, image/jpeg, text/plain, text/markdown, and application/json). Plus, the extension only tells you the container format, the data itself could be in wildly different schemas/encodings, especially when dealing with .json or any audio/video files. Doing deep content inspection is slow and also unreliable because so many JSON-based formats don't reliably implement JSON Schema. This could be solved if we got rid of file extensions and had the full content type string embedded with the file at the File System level. A file's name should be a description of the contained content, not overloaded to store data encoding information.

After writing all of this, it started to dawn on me that these are all the same problem of wanting to composite application together from smaller bits in a unified workspace that I the User control, not dependant on me the Application Developer to provide the support for it. Because, at the application layer, I can't. I can't unify whatever features I'm building with features other app devs have built. We need this to be at the DE level or there isn't a standard to which app devs can work.

Even my complaint about content types fits into this because most of the time I just need to display and play back a file in whatever the one standard way there is to display such a thing. I'd much rather the UI toolkit provided better media players with an OS that went beyond the application window for giving people the ability to composite functionality together. With Adobe Acrobat installed, I as a User should now be able to use PDFs anywhere else I want to view Text or Markdown or Word documents and I as an Application Developer should not have to think about what document formats my users might throw into my application.

The VR home environment makes this issue a lot easier to see, as the Window does not make sense there, but I think this generalizes to 2D, screen-bordered scenarios. Most of the need for better application composition is around not having to rely on every Application Developer to implement everything themselves. Because, when you leave it to App Devs, you get abominations like Snapchat and Instagram.

> wanting to composite application together from smaller bits in a unified workspace that I the User control

This bit reminds me of TRON/BTRON, a Japanese OS where a core principle was that users interacted with documents made of fragments which were documents themselves.

"The file and the application were implementation details […] the user-visible primitive on a desktop computer shouldn't be a file or the application, but the typed document part."

https://www.xda-developers.com/japan-tried-build-operating-s...

This sounds amazing. I guess I'm a bit biased in that evaluation, though, as it sounds a lot like an object graph database I'm creating.

What an absolute shame it got shut down over trade restrictions. Even if, in the West, we'd still have Microsoft and Apple and Linux, at least there would have been severe competitive pressure to move beyond the Unix model.

> Scott Jenson has been working on user interfaces (UIs) and user experience (UX) for many years at Apple, Google, and other companies.

Sorry but that's the last kind of person I want to have any say about my desktop. If I wanted dumbed down mass market design I'd use a mass market OS. Hopefully KDE resists what this guy suggests.

And of course he proves my concerns right at the end:

> The final idea he discussed was a way of gathering ""privacy-preserving data""

No, fuck off. You have not right to gather any data from my systems.

> when I joined, we weren't evil; we were really trying to do the right thing

Says everyone who worked for big tech ever.

Linux software isn't lacking in UX design, it has made different tradeoffs and that's OK and often even a strength:

> The developers wanted to put the ellipsis at the end of the file name, but he thought that would lose too much information, and suggested that the ellipses should be in the middle of the file names.

Both solutions hide the same amount of text and which hides more important text is coincidental. On the other hand hiding the end of the filename is more predictable for the user who can choose to put important information first for longer filenames.

> On most Linux systems, though, if a user is trying to click and drag a file from a window in the background it will cause the window to raise as soon as the user does the "mouse down" action. That complicates trying to click and drag a file from one window to another. That is a fundamental action that means that users can't move data into applications quite as easily on Linux as they can on the Mac.

Raising windows on mouse down lowers latency for that action, which is much more common than the edge case of dragging from a partially covered window to one that would be covered if the original window was raised.

> The point he was really trying to make, though, is that the desktop UX had not really changed in 20 years. There were plenty of new ideas and improvements in the 1980s and 1990s, ""and then it just stabilized, and not much has really changed"".

That's good and expected. When a technology matures then improvements become more and more incremental and less and less things you'd recogize as big change. I don't need or want some mighty designer disrupting my workflow with grand new ideas how things should work.

> Much of the UX for Linux systems was originally copied from Windows and the Mac, ""KDE even says it's for Windows users, that it wants to be similar to Windows for users"".

Much but far from all. He's really underplaying the window management improvements like soft-tiling that e.g. KDE has brought to the table and which were subsequently (badly) copied by Windows and not the other way around.

No, it's because "right" is not a constant across all users.

> He noted that the center of a widescreen monitor is good for working with an application, but it becomes more difficult to work on the sides of the monitor. ""It's good for peripheral vision, but not good for working"".

I don't agree with that premise at all - in fact, having at least two widescreen monitors is the bare minimum for developers around me.

Also all the AI detours are just distracting and worst case betray the real motivation. No, you don't actually HAVE to address AI in every talk dude.

And no, the semantic desktop, just like the semantic web, did not fail for primarily technical reasons but because its a solution in search of a problem.

The issue with KDE is not the "UX", the issue is the crashiness and jank, which is an issue of C++ and the OOP-ness of Qt, respectively and no amount of philosophizing will fix that. Users can excuse high memory usage, users can excuse low FPS, users cannot excuse jank and crashes.

It is very hard to pin down the problems with Qt because on the one hand you can produce well-working UIs with QML if you are committed to it, see Telegram which has a near-perfect UX and I've never had it crash on me. But I think this is more of a cultural problem: KDE is spread thin, has no real leadership and tries to create a "inoffensive medium" of a desktop that pleases "everyone".

What would be better is a) finally ditching Qt Widgets completely and using QML for everything across all applications, b) moving towards a more functional-reactive approach and getting rid of the OOP mindset inherited from Qt Widgets (which fuses visual and domain data) - hard to achieve with Qt and c) requiring the developers to use some version of Windows and macOS in between, because it happens often with Linux users that they get "blind" to their own issues habitually, they need to experience what 90% of the world uses, so then they can take the good ideas to KDE. But if you use Linux 100% of the time, obviously it'll be "the best" because you're so used to its jank.

Also, develop a target audience. He hates on Omarchy in the video, but at least Omarchy has a target audience: the agentic-first, keyboard-first hypebro libertarian SaaS web developer. Okay, maybe a niche audience but at least that's something. KDEs target audience is... "everyone". Which then results in a "mid" desktop which just has to be worshipped by the fact that "it's open-source". And now, apparently the target has switched to "corporate users / governments". I'll say this is a bad idea because that's like an abusive relationship, you have constant bureaucracy, have to agree with their politics and views, have tons of red tape and low IT literacy. But at least it's "a" target audience, better than pleasing "everyone".

I will believe KDE cares about UX once they finally fix the clock to have the same font size for date and time, like Windows does it - first rule you learn in web design is to not use too many font sizes and KDE immediately breaks a very basic UX rule and has inconsistent font sizes everywhere. Then afterwards, they need to learn about stem widths and why using "1px borders" and thin fonts is not exactly the best thing for readability or low-resolution monitors. There's just so much wrong with KDE and Qt, architecturally and visually, that the "bad UX" problem is just a downstream result and I don't think a glorified Stage View will fix this.

> I will believe KDE cares about UX once they finally fix the clock to have the same font size for date and time, like Windows does it

At least the date time on KDE taskbar is readable and you can change it to show date and time side by side and that uses same font size for both. Windows taskbar date time are so tiny (with so much empty space around it) and doesn't even change if you change font scaling.

On the other hand, Windows doesn't make excuses for literal decades why you can't set the time format to THE international standard which is the only format that makes sense.

Telegram on the desktop used qt widgets and not qml, at least on windows

I want the date smaller. It doesn't change as often.

> hypebro libertarian

What has this got to do with an operating system? Unwelcome commentary.

Don't touch my stuff objections run strong. Three things: it's a chicken & egg problem, agents help fix this, and third the 'some assembly required' issue.

Some backdrop, a thesis: tech used to be exciting because there was apparent motion, things changing. The dread hadn't set in, and I think that dread set in because tech shifted from close intimiate and touchable technologies we could touch, to far off systems running in some cloud data center/keep. Change was fun when we got to be on for the ride and feel some ownership but change happening to us was annoying.

So lately, it's hard for anyone to know what their preferences really are. We aren't trying a ton of human empowering things. The organizational systems Scott talks about here? We see some absolutely ferverously dedicated people enjoying Niri, enjoying new infinite space tiling systems. That's a rare example though! A couple people stumble their way into it. There's not that WinCustomize era where it's apparent people are active and busy and rebuilding, remixing their world on and on. People aren't in a receiving trying mode, because in part there's not a ton to try, and because there's no scene, people aren't kicking out new things either. The social poverty of the area & lack of things to look forward to mean people aren't looking, and people trying stuff are lucky to get traction, even when it's good.

This admits some of the "don't touch my stuff." Because we haven't been seeing as much upside to change. But also: it's pathetic! These peole have had their spirits crushed and have no peers out there who are having fun, so they can just wallow in their grumpiness. And we need to kind of ignore these users, because they don't know: they think they want not even faster horses but merely horses that stop breaking down or which start only turning left unless you pay premium. Let these naysayers and grumps alone. But more than anything: show the people you can reach good stuff! Activate interests! Try to restore a sense of motion & exciting change! Create more powerful, richer, more beautiful systems!

Agents help though. Change sucks when it gets in the way. The downsides though are lower than ever, if you have systems flexible enough to let agents work them. If something changes in a way you don't like, an agent may well be able to make quick work of it! Tell it, and it'll go fix it.

Last: the granularity of build it yourself systems is not great. Downloading Sway, a desktop shell atop it,then a launcher, then a host of other small utilities to cobble together is a lot of decision making to do, and most of these options for these roles have lots of competitors with little interoperability. The tools that makeup the desktop stand alone, small pieces, and it's up to you to pick each one and loosely couple it, with it's bespoke means of doing so. These patterns of assembly suck. There's significant money heading towards a new omakase system, and I don't think it's necessarily the authoritarianism/fascism per se, the desperation for authority to make sense of the world, but given how scattered the pieces are, I have some sympathy for why they want someone to say they've built the beautiful well hewn omakase thing. And that your agent can customize it.

One of my favorite examples for a system that does compose nicely is astronvim on neovim. It takes some well known very great core plugins for nvim, and builds a little zellij like mini-framework to nvim's tmux atop that: a visual leader key, with menu system builtin. It creates a framework for more to plug into. And then the community has lots and lots of plugins or packs of plugins that it takes from upstream plugins everywhere, and it packages them for astronvim. Hundreds if not thousands of plugins. Most require not that much extra to hook in nicely in to the framework, to make them more apparent, visual, seen in the broader system. The system composes capabilities into itself nicely, integrates. Where-as when you get a regular nvim plugin, it usually can assume either nothing or way too much about what kind of nvim it runs on. It has to define it's own world. I think astronvim is an incredible model for making common layers for assembly, and it's packs show something inbetween a single plugin and an app: it's a unit of software that aggregates a couple other modules, yet is shy of being a full app. That kind of composability of experiences is unique and special: not having to assemble every piece ourselves, and yet not having an entire massive system dropped on us. Figuring out how to deliver better units of capabilities, composable subsystems, is really missing on the desktop and is much needed.

Not sure about your thesis. Still excited here, no dread. Linux works pretty well compared to the old days. Open source is stronger than ever.

> So lately, it's hard for anyone to know what their preferences really are.

Sway + keybinds for each workspace. Everything in it's place, every time, by pressing 3 keys. Foot terminal opens in sub-ms. MicroVM framework sandboxes workloads. The UX isn't that different from my older setups TBH, only the underlying tech. I'm open to trying new things, but I don't know how you can beat preconfigured workspace keybinds. Would love to hear any ideas though.

> and have no peers out there who are having fun

Having lots of fun lately! This LLM stuff is bananas! Not only can you ask your agent to do stuff in plain language, but it's non-deterministic so it's like RNG gambling except you can build a Rube Goldberg machine to increase your odds! Regardless, I'd still be having fun without LLMs. We have amazing languages and incredible hardware these days.

> the granularity of build it yourself systems is not great

NixOS takes some of the pain away. You can experiment easily and safely, and you have a single declarative source that captures everything. Admittedly this isn't mainstream, but you're talking about nvim frameworks so... yeah.

Anyway, chin up friend! There are some of us more stoked than ever on the current state of computing. There's so much exciting change happening it's amazing. I'm grumpy about lots of things, but computers are better than ever IMHO.

Once more- allow people to build "AI"-pipes, by recombining programs and agents via GUI.

[Agent: Fetch cat pictures from the internet] >GetFromFolder> [Agent: Filter for Calicos] >> [Agent: in Gimp paint Cat-Ears on Cats ] >> [Agent: Generated Videos] >> [Agent: Reupload to Youtube]

If you can make a "Explorer" with zero code and which allows to store and share building blocks and pipes, congrats.

It's interesting, but personally I think the idea of a singular desktop model is what is going to die, and we'll instead get workspaces that are a lot more malleable by user intent and preferences and changing and morphing as indiidual users preferences evolve.

I'm stating that on the basis of having Codex mutate my WM while using it (just restarting it without restarting my session) to do things like adding two layer desktops, and snapshotting desktop state, resuming with the applications I want.

There's nothing special about any of that, but what is a bit special is describing a change in desktop behaviour I want, have it churn for a bit and for my live desktop to seamlessly change.

Being able to do that makes it meaningless to lock users into a pre-defined desktop model any more.

I've been slowly boiling the idea in the back of my head, what if your desktop was just a chat window, and as you said the things you wanted/needed to do, the underlying system would either build and reuse (or install) and pipe all this to some view window, which you can then interact with, but there are (kinda?) no native applications on the machine just....a (preferably local) AI that can handle all this build, install (maybe temporarily but keep all data) the two key things the machine needs is all conversation history and all generated data (by the user) otherwise nothing else. Of course we aren't there yet, but I do think it could be interesting. I personally don't love mobile largely because I feel like it limits so much so that would be my only worry, could this limit things? What about instead of an app store it's a prompt store....(Maybe openclaw already did this,I haven't used it but feel like I heard of this).

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