i might never know what it's like to learn programming after LLMs became powerful (I started programming in ~2002). But if someone forced me to give advice to such people, I'd say just start building things and stay curious.

That means, use LLMs to build whole sites and then dig in where you are curious. Look at the code, ask your LLM how it works and keep digging until you understand how the program is constructed. A benefit is that you're looking at a REAL program, not a toy example. And also, if your program stops working well (bugs or perf issues), you can debug it with the LLM and start asking it to teach you why things were slow and the concepts behind it.

I think you can basically build your own on-the-fly curriculum these days and do it with a real-world example WHILE you build cool stuff.

I think the biggest barrier will be motivation - many people don't want to be curious, and they just want it to work. they won't learn anything that way.