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A core idea of the relational model is to seperate the logical model from the physical layer including optimizations, indexes etc.

So it makes sense to only expose the logical model at the ORM layer.

The problem comes if you want to define the database schema through the ORM layer, rather than just represet it.

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Isn't SQL already a logical abstraction language over a "physical layer"? I'm not updating indexes or deciding when to flush or fiddling with MVCC when I write SQL

The comment mentioned partioning schemes which is defined using SQL but belongs in the physical layer. Indexes are also defined in SQL.

Thanks. Indices are defined in SQL, but they're not updated in SQL. Once defined, an INSERT/UPDATE updates relevant indexes automatically. That's the abstraction layer SQL provides.

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