You’re correct that those things are also what mathematics is about — but they’re less constrained, hence current LLMs aren’t as good at them.

However, your last question is incorrect: people are working on that, but there haven’t been hugely useful results.

But as an example, I’ve been slowly working on implementing frameworks for theory distillation — eg, take a corpus of science papers and derive a consistent model of the world from them, such as in Lean. (Or more specifically, a sheaf defining what consistent theories are possible.)